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Biology- Biological molecules > lipids > Flashcards

lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

what are lipids commonly known as?

A

fats and oils

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2
Q

what are lipids different from proteins?

A

they are not polymers made of long chains of monomers but instead are made of a variety of components all containing hydrocarbons.

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3
Q

what is a hydrocarbon?

A

a molecule only containing hydrogen and carbon atoms

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4
Q

name two types of lipids

A

triglycerides and phospholipids

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5
Q

Structure of triglycerides?

A

one molecule of glycerol attached to fatty acid tails made of hydrocarbons.

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6
Q

what are amino acid tails?

A

hydrophobic- repel water molecules

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7
Q

lipids are …… in water?

A

insoluble

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8
Q

two types of fatty acids? ( the r group)

A

saturated and unsaturated

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9
Q

what does a saturated fatty acid have that an unsaturated one does not?

A

a double carbon bond

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10
Q

the chains in unsaturated fatty acids cause there chains to ….?

A

kink

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11
Q

test for lipids?

A

the emulsion test

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12
Q

describe the emulsion test

A

add ethanol to sample
shake well for one min
pour solution into water
milky white emulsion = lipid present

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13
Q

Triglycerides are formed by?

A

condensation reactions

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14
Q

what type of bond forms in triglycerides?

A

ester bond

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15
Q

how many times does the condensation reaction occur in triglycerides?

A

3

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16
Q

where are phosphlipids found ?

A

cell membranes

17
Q

structure of phospholipid?

A

glycerol is attached to two fatty acid hydrophobic tails and one phosphate group( hydrophilic)

18
Q

what are tryglycerides used as?

A

energy storage molecules

19
Q

what are tryglycerides good for their function?( tails)

A

long hydrocarbon tails of the fatty acid contain lots of chemical energy- a load of energy is released when they are broken down.due to this they contain about twice as much energy per gram than carbs.

20
Q

what are tryglycerides good for their function? ( solubility)

A

they are insoluble in water so do not affect water potential and cause water to enter the cell via osmosis. They bundle together in cells as fatty acid tails are hydrophobic - the tails face inwards shielding themselves from water.

21
Q

phospholipids make a …… of cell membranes?

A

bilayer ( double layer)

22
Q

cell membranes control ?

A

what enters and leaves a cell

23
Q

phospholipid heads are ……? whereas their tails are ……….?

A 
heads = hydrophilic 
tails= hydrophobic
24
Q

structure of phospholipid?

A

oooooooooooooo
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
oooooooooooooo

25
Q

Phospholipid- bilayer is ?

A

hydrophobic (water soluble substances cannot pass through)

Biology- Biological molecules (13 decks)

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