sugar Flashcards
monosacchrides, disacchrides, poly sacchrides
what is a monomer and give examples?
small units in which linger chain molecules are made up of- amino acids, nucleotides, monosacchrides
what is a polymer and give examples?
a long chain molecule which is made of small repeating units- polysacchrides, DNA, protein
what is a carbohydrate?
they only contain elements C,H,O
what do carbohydrates include?
monosaccchrides- glucose, fructose, galactose
disacchrides- sucrose, maltose, lactose
monosaccrides and di are also known as sugars
polysacchrides- cellulose, glycogen, starch
what is polymerisation?
joining of repeating units into a long chain molecule
what are monosacchride bonds bonded together by
covalent bonds called a glycosidic bond to form a pollysacchride
what is glucose
a monosacchride- a hexose sugar- chemical formula C6H12O6-
what are the 2 forms of glucose and what is the structure
Alpha glucose and beta glucose- ABBA
what is an isomer
same molecular formular but different structures
what is a condensation reaction
forming a bond between molecules by removing water
what is a hydrolysis reaction
breaking bonds using water
what does glucose and glucose produce
maltose and water
what does glucose and galactose produce
lactose and water
what does glucose and fructose form
sucrose and water
what does a 1-4 glycosidic bond mean
used to describe the location of bond- found between carbon 1 and carbon 6
what is the formula of monosacchrides
(CH2O)n
what are examples of polysacchrides
cellulose, starch, glycogen
where is starch found and what is its use
found in plants- plant storage- insoluble
what is starch made out of
2 polymers of alpha glucose- amylose and amylopectin
what is amylose
starch-a-glucose, coils up into a helix, only contains 1-4 glycosidic bonds, formed via condensation reaction
what is amylopectin
starch- a glucose, with 1-4 and about 6% of 1-6 glycosidic bonds, quite branched, more ends= broken down more quickly, formed via condensation reaction
where is glycogen found and what is its use
found in muscle and liver cells in animals- energy reserve for body
Describe structure of glycogen
formed via condensation reaction, a-glucose, 1-4 and (9%) 1-6 glycosidic bonds, highly branched can be compacted easily,
where is cellulose found and what is its function
found in plants- strength cell walls
describe the structure of cellulose
formed by b-glucose, alternate glucose molecules rotated to 180 in order for hydroxyl group to be adjecent, only 1-4 glycosidic bonds- form straight chains which are parallel to eachother held in place by hydrogen bonds to make fibrils
