sugar

Question 1

what is a monomer and give examples?

Answer 1

small units in which linger chain molecules are made up of- amino acids, nucleotides, monosacchrides

Question 2

what is a polymer and give examples?

Answer 2

a long chain molecule which is made of small repeating units- polysacchrides, DNA, protein

Question 3

what is a carbohydrate?

Answer 3

they only contain elements C,H,O

Question 4

what do carbohydrates include?

Answer 4

monosaccchrides- glucose, fructose, galactose
disacchrides- sucrose, maltose, lactose
monosaccrides and di are also known as sugars
polysacchrides- cellulose, glycogen, starch

Question 5

what is polymerisation?

Answer 5

joining of repeating units into a long chain molecule

Question 6

what are monosacchride bonds bonded together by

Answer 6

covalent bonds called a glycosidic bond to form a pollysacchride

Question 7

what is glucose

Answer 7

a monosacchride- a hexose sugar- chemical formula C6H12O6-

Question 8

what are the 2 forms of glucose and what is the structure

Answer 8

Alpha glucose and beta glucose- ABBA

Question 9

what is an isomer

Answer 9

same molecular formular but different structures

Question 10

what is a condensation reaction

Answer 10

forming a bond between molecules by removing water

Question 11

what is a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 11

breaking bonds using water

Question 12

what does glucose and glucose produce

Answer 12

maltose and water

Question 13

what does glucose and galactose produce

Answer 13

lactose and water

Question 14

what does glucose and fructose form

Answer 14

sucrose and water

Question 15

what does a 1-4 glycosidic bond mean

Answer 15

used to describe the location of bond- found between carbon 1 and carbon 6

Question 16

what is the formula of monosacchrides

Answer 16

(CH2O)n

Question 17

what are examples of polysacchrides

Answer 17

cellulose, starch, glycogen

Question 18

where is starch found and what is its use

Answer 18

found in plants- plant storage- insoluble

Question 19

what is starch made out of

Answer 19

2 polymers of alpha glucose- amylose and amylopectin

Question 20

what is amylose

Answer 20

starch-a-glucose, coils up into a helix, only contains 1-4 glycosidic bonds, formed via condensation reaction

Question 21

what is amylopectin

Answer 21

starch- a glucose, with 1-4 and about 6% of 1-6 glycosidic bonds, quite branched, more ends= broken down more quickly, formed via condensation reaction

Question 22

where is glycogen found and what is its use

Answer 22

found in muscle and liver cells in animals- energy reserve for body

Question 23

Describe structure of glycogen

Answer 23

formed via condensation reaction, a-glucose, 1-4 and (9%) 1-6 glycosidic bonds, highly branched can be compacted easily,

Question 24

where is cellulose found and what is its function

Answer 24

found in plants- strength cell walls

Question 25

describe the structure of cellulose

Answer 25

formed by b-glucose, alternate glucose molecules rotated to 180 in order for hydroxyl group to be adjecent, only 1-4 glycosidic bonds- form straight chains which are parallel to eachother held in place by hydrogen bonds to make fibrils