cell structure

Question 1

what is a eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

animal and plant cells and fungal cells. They have a distinct nucleus.

Question 2

what is a cell

Answer 2

the basic building block of the body- important to know cell functions to treat disease.

Question 3

what structures/organelles are only visible under a light microscope

Answer 3

nucleus, large vacuole, cell surface membrane, cytoplasm,

Question 4

what are organelles

Answer 4

Each has a specific function, they act as compartments in which different chemical reactions can take place without interfering, bounded by membrane.

Question 5

name the organelles within a eukaryotic cell

Answer 5

nucleus, nucleolus, rough ER, smooth ER, mitochondria, nuclear envelope, vesicle, golgi apparatus, chloroplast, cell wall, plasma membrane, vacoule, lysosomes

Question 6

what is a nucleus

Answer 6

act as a control center of the cell through production of mRNA + protein synthesis- contain genetic material of cell- manufacture ribosomes

Question 7

what is the nucleolus

Answer 7

small spherical region within the nucleus- manufactures ribosomes rRNA and assembels the ribosomes

Question 8

what is the nuclear membrane (envelope)

Answer 8

protects the DNA from damage in the cytoplasm, contains nuclear pores to allow mRNA to leave the nucleus

Question 9

what are nuclear pores

Answer 9

allow mRNA to leave the nucleus

Question 10

what is chromotin

Answer 10

Chromatin – DNA bound to histone proteins. DNA codes for polypeptides.

Question 11

what is nucleoplasm

Answer 11

fluid component of the organelle which is the site of transcription.

Question 12

what is the golgi apparatus

Answer 12

add carbonate to proteins to form glycoproteins, produces secetary enzymes, secrete carbohydrates, transport/modify and package lipids, form lysosomes

Question 13

what are lysosomes

Answer 13

hydrolyse material ingested by phagocytes, release enzymes outside of cell in order to destroy material around cell, digest worn out organelle, completely breakdown dead cells

Question 14

what is ribosomes

Answer 14

synthesis proteins- 80s- found in eukaryotic- 70s- fund in prokaryotic

Question 15

what is cell wall

Answer 15

consists of microfibrils of the polysachride cellulose. Microfibrils give the cell wall strength, allows water to pass along it contributing to the movement of water through plant.

Question 16

what is chloroplast

Answer 16

carry out photosynthesis, chloroplast contain DNA + ribososmes needed for photosynthesis

Question 17

rough ER

Answer 17

provide a large surface area for protein synthesis and glycoproteins, provide a pathway for the transport of protein

Question 18

smooth ER

Answer 18

synthesise, store, transport lipids-synthesise, store, transport carbohydrates

Question 19

what does mitochondria have

Answer 19

double membrane(inner and outer membrane) , folded inner membrane, matrix, small ribosomes, naked circular DNA(no histones)

Question 20

what is the matrix in mitochondria

Answer 20

a semi rigid material containing enzymes, proteins and lipids

Question 21

describe the folded inner membrane (cristae)

Answer 21

increase surface area for attachment of enzymes involved in aerobic respiration

Question 22

what do chloroplast have

Answer 22

double membrane (inner and outer membrane), granum (stacks of thylakoids), thykloids contain chlorophyll, stroma (fluid filled matrix), small ribosomes, DNA, naked DNA