cell structure Flashcards
what is a cell
the basic building block of the body- important to know cell functions to treat disease.
what is a eukaryotic cell
animal and plant cells and fungal cells. They have a distinct nucleus.
what 10 structure do you need to know for the test
cell wall, RER/SER, ribososmes, lysosomes, cell vaculoe, cell surface memebrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, golgi apparatus, golgi vesicles
what structures/organelles are only visible under a light microscope
nucleus, large vacuole, cell surface membrane, cytoplasm,
what are organelles
Each has a specific function, they act as compartments in which different chemical reactions can take place without interfering, bounded by membrane.
name the organelles within a eukaryotic cell
nucleus, nucleolus, rough ER, smooth ER, mitochondria, nuclear envelope, vesicle, golgi apparatus, chloroplast, cell wall, plasma membrane, vacoule, lysosomes
what is a nucleus
act as a control center of the cell through production of mRNA + protein synthesis- contain genetic material of cell- manufacture ribosomes
what is the nucleolus
small spherical region within the nucleus- manufactures ribosomes rRNA and assembels the ribosomes
what is the nuclear membrane (envelope)
protects the DNA from damage in the cytoplasm, contains nuclear pores to allow mRNA to leave the nucleus
what are nuclear pores
allow mRNA to leave the nucleus
what is chromotin
Chromatin – DNA bound to histone proteins. DNA codes for polypeptides.
what is nucleoplasm
fluid component of the organelle which is the site of transcription.
what is the golgi apparatus
add carbonate to proteins to form glycoproteins, produces secetary enzymes, secrete carbohydrates, transport/modify and package lipids, form lysosomes
what are lysosomes
hydrolyse material ingested by phagocytes, release enzymes outside of cell in order to destroy material around cell, digest worn out organelle, completely breakdown dead cells
what is ribosomes
synthesis proteins- 80s- found in eukaryotic- 70s- fund in prokaryotic
what is cell wall
consists of microfibrils of the polysachride cellulose. Microfibrils give the cell wall strength, allows water to pass along it contributing to the movement of water through plant.
what is chloroplast
carry out photosynthesis, chloroplast contain DNA + ribososmes needed for photosynthesis
rough ER
provide a large surface area for protein synthesis and glycoproteins, provide a pathway for the transport of protein
smooth ER
synthesise, store, transport lipids-synthesise, store, transport carbohydrates
what does mitochondria have
double membrane(inner and outer membrane) , folded inner membrane, matrix, small ribosomes, naked circular DNA(no histones)
what is the matrix in mitochondria
a semi rigid material containing enzymes, proteins and lipids
describe the folded inner membrane (cristae)
increase surface area for attachment of enzymes involved in aerobic respiration
what do chloroplast have
double membrane (inner and outer membrane), granum (stacks of thylakoids), thykloids contain chlorophyll, stroma (fluid filled matrix), small ribosomes, DNA, naked DNA
