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A&P Suffolk > Suffolk Test 1 > Flashcards

Suffolk Test 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment

A

Homeostasis

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1
Q

Gross or macroscopic

A

See with the naked eye

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2
Q

Feedback: senses change

A

Receptor

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3
Q

Feedback: control center that interprets and evaluates information

A

Structure that responds an restores homeostasis

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4
Q

Example of negative feedback system

A

Thermostats regulating room temperature

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5
Q

Example of positive feedback

A

Blood clotting or child birth

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6
Q

Basic life processes

A 
Metabolism
Responsiveness
Movement
Growth
Differentiation
Reproduction
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7
Q

Sum of all chemical processes in the body. The breakdown of large molecules into small (catabolism)

A

Metabolism

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8
Q

Body’s ability to detect an respond to changes in internal or external environment ex: muscle contraction, electrical signals, hormone or glandular secretion

A

Responsiveness

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9
Q

Locomotion, propulsion, digestion (peristalsis) and muscle contractility

A

Movement

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10
Q

Increase in number or size of cells or material found between cells

A

Growth

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11
Q

Specialization of cells for a specific function

A

Differentiation

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12
Q

Formation of new cells

A

Cellular reproduction

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13
Q

When sperm and egg unite to produce a whole new individual

A

Organism all reproduction

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14
Q

Breakdown of ingested foodstuffs

A

Digestion

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15
Q

The taking in of food

A

Ingestion

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16
Q

Removal of wastes from the body

A

Excretion

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17
Q

Transport blood

A

Circulation

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18
Q

Exchange of gases

A

Respiration

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19
Q

Levels of structural organization: chemical

A

Atoms combine to form molecules

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20
Q

Level of structural organization: cellular

A

Cells are made of molecules

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21
Q

Level of structural organization: tissue

A

Made up of different types of cells

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22
Q

Level of structural organization: organ

A

Made up of different types if tissues

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23
Q

Essential atoms for life are

A 
C
H
O
N
P
Ca
SO
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24
Q

Four basic types of tissues

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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25
Q

The function of the integumentary system

A

Protect the body from the external environment

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26
Q

Skeletal system function : organ system

A

Protects and supports body organs … Site of blood cell formation

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27
Q

Function of the muscular system

A

Posture, locomotion, produces heat

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28
Q

Function of the nervous system

A

Responds to stimuli by activating muscles and glands…control center of body

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29
Q

Cardiovascular system function

A

Transports blood and fluid throughout the body

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30
Q

Function of the lymphatic system

A

Maintain fluid balance

Disposes of debris and restores fluid leaked from blood

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31
Q

Function of the respiratory system

A

Supplies oxygen and removes co2

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32
Q

Prone position

A

Body is lying face up

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33
Q

Supine position

A

Body is lying face up

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34
Q

In front

A

Anterior

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35
Q

Behind view

A

Posterior

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36
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Divide body or organ from left to right into equal halves

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37
Q

Parasagittal plane

A

Divides body or organ left from right with unequal halves

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38
Q

Frontal or coronal plane

A

Divides body or organ into anterior and posterior portions

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39
Q

Transverse or horizontal plane

A

Divides body into superior an inferior portions

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40
Q

Oblique plane

A

Body or organ separated on a slant

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41
Q

Medial

A

Towards center of the body

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42
Q

Away from the midline of the body

A

Lateral
Ex: the thumb is lateral to the hand.
Ear is lateral to the nose

43
Q

Examples of proximal

A

Elbow is proximal to the wrist

The knee is proximal to the foot

44
Q

Examples of distal

A

Knee is distal to the thigh

Hand is distal to the elbow

45
Q

Superficial

A

Towards the bodies surface

46
Q

Deep

A

Internal

Ex: the lungs are deep to the skin

47
Q

Spaces within the body that help protect and separate and support internal organs

A

Body cavities

48
Q

Parietal layer

A

Lines the walls

49
Q

Viscera

A

Lines the tissues

50
Q

What are the abdominopelvic regions in order

A

Quadrants
Right upper - left upper
Right lower - left lower

51
Q

Carbohydrates are the sugar building blocks if

A

RNA & DNA

52
Q

3 sizes of carbohydrates molecules are

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

53
Q

How many carbons do monosaccharides contain

A

3-7 carbons

54
Q

Carbohydrates contain what atoms

A

C1H2O1
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

55
Q

Function of carbohydrates

A

Source of cellular food

56
Q

Examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

57
Q

Disaccharides are made from

A

Two monosaccharides

58
Q

Through dehydration synthesis glucose and fructose make

A

Sucrose

59
Q

Through dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis two glucose monosaccharides make

A

Maltose

60
Q

Through dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis galactose and glucose make

A

Lactose - milk sugar

61
Q

Contains 10s or 100s of monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis

A

Polysaccharides

62
Q

For every one carbon in a carbohydrate there is

A

1 H2O molecule

63
Q

Lipids are made of what atoms

A

CHO

less oxygen than a carbohydrate

64
Q

4 types of lipids

A

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids
Eicosanoids

65
Q

Neutral fats composed of a single glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules

A

Triglycerides

66
Q

Out body stores this in fat cells if we eat extra food

A

Triglycerides

67
Q

The bond between the glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules is called

A

Ester bond

68
Q

One glycerol
2 fatty acid molecules
And a phosphorous molecule make

A

Lipids

69
Q

Chief component of cell membranes

A

Lipids

70
Q

Proteins make how much of a persons body weight

A

12-18%

71
Q

Proteins contain what atoms

A 
CHON
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
72
Q

Proteins are constructed from how many amino acids

A

20

73
Q

Formed from two amino acids joined by a covenant bond called a peptide bond

A

Dipeptides

74
Q

Chains formed from 10 to 2000 amino acids

A

Polypeptide

75
Q

Structural level of proteins: primary

A

Amino acid sequences . Polypeptide strands

76
Q

Structural levels of proteins: secondary

A

Alpha helix or beta pleated sheets

77
Q

Structural level of proteins: tertiary

A

Structural levels of proteins: 3 dimensional shape of a polypeptide chain

78
Q

Function of protein depends on its ability to recognize and bind to some other

A

Molecule

79
Q

Irreversible protein denaturation

A

Substrate unable to bind to enzyme active site

80
Q

What are some reasons for protein denaturation

A

Extreme PH or temperature changes

81
Q

Proteins:

  • Helps other proteins to achieve their dimensional shape
  • assists in translocating proteins across membranes
  • promotes full breakdown of damaged or denatured proteins
A

Molecular chaperones

82
Q

A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.

A

Catalyst

83
Q

Example of a catalyst is

A

An enzyme

84
Q

Enzymes are made of

A

An apoenzyme

And a cofactor

85
Q

Apoenzyme a are what portion of an enzyme

A

Protein portion

86
Q

Cofactor is what part of an enzyme

A 
Non protein
Iron
Zinc
Magnesium
Calcium etc
87
Q

Enzymes usually end in the suffix

A

Ase

88
Q

Catalysts or enzymes speed up chemical reactions by

A

Lowering the activation energy needed to get reaction started

89
Q

Catalysts are not used repeatedly for the same reactions

A

.

90
Q

The amount of energy needed to push the reactants over an energy barrier

A

Activation energy

91
Q

Enzymes are selective and determine which chemical processes will occur at any time

A

.

92
Q

A reactant which binds to an enzyme at its active site

A

Substrate

93
Q

Only one type of substrate per

A

Enzyme

94
Q

substrates are

A

Amino acids

95
Q

Inherited disorder in which baby lacks a digestive enzyme and treatment

A

Galactosemia

Eliminate milk from diet

96
Q

Factors effecting enzyme rate

A
  • Enzyme concentration
  • Substrate concentration
  • Temperature and PH
  • Competitive and non competitive inhibitors
  • cofactors and coenzymes need to be present
97
Q

Competitive inhibitor

A

Looks like substrate, interferes and binds to enzyme

Ex: O2 and is reversible

98
Q

Non competitive inhibitor

A

When enzymes have another site the substrate binds to changing the shape of original active site

99
Q

Name two nucleus acids

A

RNA

DNA

100
Q

What are the 5 atoms found in nucleus acid

A

H O C N P

101
Q

Name the five nitrogen bases that contribute to the nucleotide structure

A

A-G
C-T
U

102
Q

RNA uses U instead of

A

T

Thymine

103
Q

DNA to CDNA

ATCGTACGA

A

TAGCATGCT

A-T
C-G

104
Q

DNA to MRNA

ATCGTACGA

A

UAGCAVGCU

Instead of T use a U

105
Q

MRNA to Transfer RNA

UAGCAUGCU

A

AUCGUACGA

A-U

A&P Suffolk (6 decks)

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