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A&P Suffolk > Suffolk Final > Flashcards

Suffolk Final Flashcards

0
Q

Medical science that deals with functioning and disorders of the nervous system

A

Nuerology

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1
Q

The nervous system is responsible for all

A

Behaviors memories and movements

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2
Q

Three basic functions of the nervous system

A

Sensory
Interpretation
Motor response

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3
Q

Sensing changes with sensory receptors, detects internal and external environment

A

Sensory receptors

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4
Q

Analysis, interpreting and remembering changes with the sensory receptors

A

Interpretation

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5
Q

Reaction to changes with effectors

A

Motor response

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6
Q

Nervous system path overview

A 
Receptor
Sensory neuron
Inter neuron
Motor neuron 
Muscle
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7
Q

The brain and the spinal cord are part of the

A

Central nervous system

CNS

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8
Q

The cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Ganglia
Peripheral nerves are all part of the

A

Peripheral nervous system

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9
Q

A bundle of hundreds or thousands of axons each of which courses along a defined path and serves a specific region of the body

A

Nerve

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10
Q

Located outside the brain and spinal cord are small masses of nervous tissue containing cell bodies of nuerons

A

Ganglia

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11
Q

Helps regulate the digestive system

A

Plexuses

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12
Q

Parts if neurons or specialized cells that minister changes in the external or internal environment

A

Sensory receptors

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13
Q

Neurons from cutaneous and special sensory receptors to the CNS
Motor neurons to skeletal muscle tissue

A

Somatic voluntary nervous system SNS

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14
Q

Sensory neurons from visceral organs to CNS

Motor neurons to smooth and cardiac muscle & glands

A

Autonomic involuntary nervous system

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15
Q

Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

A

Speeds up heart rate

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16
Q

Parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

A

Slows down heart rate

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17
Q

Involuntary sensory & motor neurons control GI tract

Neurons function independently of ANS and SNS

A

Enteric nervous system ENS

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18
Q

Consists of neurons in the plexusus that extend the length of GI tract

A

Enteric nervous system ENS

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19
Q

Sensory neurons of the ENS moniter chemical changes within the GI tract and stretching of its walls

A

.

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20
Q

Somatic nervous system pathway

A

SNS
CNS
Somatic motor nuerons
Skeletal muscle

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21
Q

ANS autonomic nervous system pathway

A

ANS
CNS
autonomic neurons sympathetic or parasympathetic
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

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22
Q

ENS enteric nervous system path

A

ENS
CNS
enteric motor neurons in enteric plexusus
Smooth muscles, glands, cells of GI tract

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23
Q

What is the functional unit of the nervous system

A

Neurons

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24
Q

Glue that supports and maintains the neuronal networks and also outnumber neurons

A

Neuroglia

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25
Q

Cytoplasm of the neuron is called

A

Perikaryon

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26
Q

Mitochondria produces

A

Energy

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27
Q

RER in ribosomes in the neuron produce

A

Neurotransmitters

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28
Q

Cytoskeleton of a neuron consist of

A

Neurofilaments
Neurotubules
Neurofibrils

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29
Q

Bundles of neurofilaments that provide support for dendrites and axon

A

Neurofibrils

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30
Q

Makes neural tissue appear grAy

dense area of RER and ribosomes

A

Nissl bodies

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31
Q

Axon structure is critical to

A

Function

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32
Q

Cytoplasm of axon that contains neurotubules neurofibrils and enzymes

A

axoplasm

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33
Q

Covers the axoplasm

A

Axolemma

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34
Q

Junction in between the axon hillock and initial segment

A

Trigger zone

35
Q

Types of neurons found in the brain and sense organs

All cell processes look alike

A

Anaxonic neurons

36
Q

Found in special sensory organs

Sight smell hearing

A

Bipolar neurons

37
Q

Found in sensory neurons of PNS

Fused dendrites and a very long axon

A

Unipolar neurons

38
Q

Common in the CNS
Include all skeletal muscle motor neurons
Long axons

A

Multipolar neurons

39
Q

Convey action potentials into the CNS through cranial or spinal nerves
Mostly unipolar

A

Sensory or afferent neurons

40
Q

Conveys action potentials away from the CNS to effectors (muscles or glands) in the peripheral through cranial or spinal nerves
Most are multipolar

A

Motor or efferent neurons

41
Q

Multipolar in structure

Integrates incoming sensory from sensory neurons and then Olicits a motor response

A

Interneurons

42
Q

90% of neurons in the body are

A

Interneurons

43
Q

4 cell types in the CNS

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal

44
Q

2 cells in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

Satellite cells

45
Q

Does not generate or conduct nerve impulses

46
Q

Neuroglia supports in

A

Blood brain barrier
Myelin sheath ( nerve insulation)
CSF
phagocytosis

47
Q

In the CNS this cell supports neurons by maintaining chemical balance of calcium and potassium

A

Astrocytes

48
Q

In the CNS this cell produces myelin

A

Oligodendrocytes

49
Q

In the CNS this cell conducts in phagocytosis

50
Q

In the CNS this cell forms an circulates CSF

A

Ependymal cells

51
Q

In the PNS this cell supports the interneuron

A

Satellite cell

52
Q

In the PNS this cell produces the myelin sheath on the interneuron

A

Schwann cell

53
Q

this cell in the CNS helps form scar tissue after injury

A

Astrocytes

54
Q

This cell in the CNS helps metabolize neurotransmitters

A

Astrocytes

55
Q

Most common glial cell type found in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

56
Q

Electrically insulates the Axon and increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction

A

Myelin sheath

57
Q

These cells wrap around Axons during fetal development

A

Schwann cells

58
Q

White matter

A

Myelinated processes

59
Q

Unmyelinated processes are in

A

Gray matter

60
Q

Impulses that travel long distances

A

Action potential s

61
Q

Impulses that are local membrane changes

A

Graded potentials

62
Q

These channels open in the presence of specific chemicals

Ex: acetylcholine

A

Chemically gated channels

63
Q

Change in membrane potential opens this channel

A

Voltage gated channel

64
Q

Mechanical stimulus opens this channel

A

Mechanical gated channels

65
Q

At resting membrane potential

A cell is polarized when negative ions are inside the cell and positive ions along outside leaving energy difference at

66
Q

For every 3 NA+

67
Q

When an action potential that decrease and eventually reverse the membrane potential

A

Depolarization

68
Q

Restores membrane to its resting state

A

Re polarization

69
Q

A stronger stimulus will not cause a larger impulse once it reaches threshold

70
Q

If a stimulus strength is at the subthreshold there is no

A

No impulse will result

71
Q

The threshold I’m millivolts

72
Q

Period of time In which a neuron cannot generAte a new action potential

A

Refractory period

73
Q

A suprathreahold stimulus will be able to start an AP

A

Relative refractory period

74
Q

These two local anesthetics prevent opening of voltage gated sodium channels

A

Novocaine

Lidocaine

75
Q

Step by step depolarization of each portion of the length of the axolemma

A

Continuous conduction

Unmyelinated fibers

76
Q

Depolarization only at nodes of ranvier

A

Saltatory conduction

Myelinated fibers

77
Q

Factors that effect speed of propagation

A

Axon diameter
Temperature
Amount of myelination

78
Q

Information transfer from pre synaptic to post synaptic neuron is

79
Q

Axodendritic

A

Axon to dendrite

80
Q

Axosomatic

A

Axon to cell body

81
Q

Axoaxonic

A

Axon to axon

82
Q

Anything that enhances a transmitters effects

83
Q

Anything that blocks a neurotransmitters effects

A

Antagonist

84
Q

Autoimmune disorder causing destruction of myelin sheaths in CNS

A

Multiple sclerosis

85
Q

Where is CSF

A

Subarachnoid space of the spinal cord

A&P Suffolk (6 decks)

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