Suffix and Prefix

Question 1

Per- (short for “hyper”) and hypo- (meaning “under”)

Answer 1

prefixes meaning more oxygen atoms than -ate and fewer oxygen atoms than -ite, respectively. For example, perchlorate is ClO(4−), chlorate is ClO(3−), chlorite is ClO(2−) and hypochlorite is ClO−. Unfortunately, the number of oxygen atoms corresponding to a given suffix or prefix is not consistent; for example, nitrate is NO(3−) while sulfate is SO4(2-).

Question 2

ide

Answer 2

The -ide ending is added to the name of a monoatomic anion of an element.
H- Hydride

F- Fluoride
O2− Oxide
S2− Sulfide
N3− Nitride
P3− Phosphide

Question 3

-ite and -ate

Answer 3

Some polyatomic anions contain oxygen. These anions are called oxyanions. When an element forms two oxyanions, the one with less oxygen is given a name ending in -ite and the one with more oxygen is given a name that ends in -ate.
NO2- Nitrite
NO3- Nitrate
SO3- Sulphite
SO4- Sulphate

Question 4

hypo- and per-

Answer 4

In the case where there is a series of four oxyanions, the hypo- and per- prefixes are used in conjunction with the -ite and -ate suffixes. The hypo- and per- prefixes indicate less oxygen and more oxygen, respectively.
ClO- Hypochlorite
ClO2- Chlorite
ClO3- Chlorate
ClO4- Perchlorate

Question 5

bi- and di- hydrogen

Answer 5

Polyatomic anions sometimes gain one or more H+ ions to form anions of a lower charge. These ions are named by adding the word hydrogen or dihydrogen in front of the name of the anion. It is still common to see and use the older naming convention in which the prefix bi- is used to indicate the addition of a single hydrogen ion.
CHO3- Hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate
HSO4- Hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate
H2PO4− Dihydrogen phosphate

Question 6

-ous and -ic

Answer 6

Although Roman numerals are used to denote the ionic charge of cations, it is still common to see and use the endings -ous or -ic. These endings are added to the Latin name of the element (e.g., stannous/stannic for tin) to represent the ions with lesser or greater charge, respectively.
The Roman numeral naming convention has wider appeal because many ions have more than two valences.
Fe2+ Ferrous
Fe3+ Ferric
Cu+ Cuprous
Cu2+ Cupric