Chemical groups

Question 1

actinide

Answer 1

inner transition metal in the bottom of the bottom two rows of the periodic table

Question 2

alkali metal

Answer 2

element in group 1

Question 3

alkaline earth metal

Answer 3

element in group 2

Question 4

anion

Answer 4

negatively charged atom or molecule (contains more electrons than protons)

Question 5

binary compound

Answer 5

compound containing two different elements.

Question 6

cation

Answer 6

positively charged atom or molecule (contains fewer electrons than protons)

Question 7

chalcogen

Answer 7

element in group 16

Question 8

covalent compound

Answer 8

(also, molecular compound) composed of molecules formed by atoms of two or more different elements

Question 9

empirical formula

Answer 9

formula showing the composition of a compound given as the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms

Question 10

fundamental unit of charge

Answer 10

(also called the elementary charge) equals the magnitude of the charge of an electron (e) with e = 1.602 × 10−19 C

Question 11

halogen

Answer 11

element in group 17

Question 12

inner transition metal

Answer 12

(also, lanthanide or actinide) element in the bottom two rows; if in the first row, also called lanthanide, or if in the second row, also called actinide

Question 13

ion

Answer 13

electrically charged atom or molecule (contains unequal numbers of protons and electrons)

Question 14

ionic bond

Answer 14

electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions of an ionic compound

Question 15

ionic compound

Answer 15

compound composed of cations and anions combined in ratios, yielding an electrically neutral substance

Question 16

lanthanide

Answer 16

inner transition metal in the top of the bottom two rows of the periodic table

Question 17

main-group element

Answer 17

(also, representative element) element in groups 1, 2, and 13–18

Question 18

metal

Answer 18

element that is shiny, malleable, good conductor of heat and electricity

Question 19

metalloid

Answer 19

element that conducts heat and electricity moderately well, and possesses some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals

Question 20

molecular compound

Answer 20

(also, covalent compound) composed of molecules formed by atoms of two or more different elements

Question 21

molecular formula

Answer 21

formula indicating the composition of a molecule of a compound and giving the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound.

Question 22

monatomic ion

Answer 22

ion composed of a single atom

Question 23

noble gas

Answer 23

(also, inert gas) element in group 18

Question 24

Non-metal

Answer 24

element that appears dull, poor conductor of heat and electricity

Question 25

nucleus

Answer 25

massive, positively charged center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons

Question 26

oxyacid

Answer 26

compound that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and one other element, bonded in a way that imparts acidic properties to the compound (ability to release H+ ions when dissolved in water)

Question 27

oxyanion

Answer 27

polyatomic anion composed of a central atom bonded to oxygen atoms

Question 28

period

Answer 28

(also, series) horizontal row of the periodic table

Question 29

periodic law

Answer 29

properties of the elements are periodic function of their atomic numbers.

Question 30

periodic table

Answer 30

table of the elements that places elements with similar chemical properties close together

Question 31

pnictogen

Answer 31

element in group 15

Question 32

polyatomic ion

Answer 32

ion composed of more than one atom

Question 33

representative element

Answer 33

(also, main-group element) element in columns 1, 2, and 12–18

Question 34

series

Answer 34

(also, period) horizontal row of the period table

Question 35

spatial isomers

Answer 35

compounds in which the relative orientations of the atoms in space differ

Question 36

structural formula

Answer 36

shows the atoms in a molecule and how they are connected

Question 37

structural isomer

Answer 37

one of two substances that have the same molecular formula but different physical and chemical properties because their atoms are bonded differently

Question 38

transition metal

Answer 38

element in groups 3–12 (more strictly defined, 3–11; see chapter on transition metals and coordination chemistry)

Question 39

isomers

Answer 39

compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures