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Chemistry - OpenStax > Chemical groups > Flashcards

Chemical groups Flashcards

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1
Q

actinide

A

inner transition metal in the bottom of the bottom two rows of the periodic table

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2
Q

alkali metal

A

element in group 1

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3
Q

alkaline earth metal

A

element in group 2

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4
Q

anion

A

negatively charged atom or molecule (contains more electrons than protons)

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5
Q

binary compound

A

compound containing two different elements.

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6
Q

cation

A

positively charged atom or molecule (contains fewer electrons than protons)

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7
Q

chalcogen

A

element in group 16

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8
Q

covalent compound

A

(also, molecular compound) composed of molecules formed by atoms of two or more different elements

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9
Q

empirical formula

A

formula showing the composition of a compound given as the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms

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10
Q

fundamental unit of charge

A

(also called the elementary charge) equals the magnitude of the charge of an electron (e) with e = 1.602 × 10−19 C

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11
Q

halogen

A

element in group 17

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12
Q

inner transition metal

A

(also, lanthanide or actinide) element in the bottom two rows; if in the first row, also called lanthanide, or if in the second row, also called actinide

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13
Q

ion

A

electrically charged atom or molecule (contains unequal numbers of protons and electrons)

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14
Q

ionic bond

A

electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions of an ionic compound

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15
Q

ionic compound

A

compound composed of cations and anions combined in ratios, yielding an electrically neutral substance

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16
Q

lanthanide

A

inner transition metal in the top of the bottom two rows of the periodic table

17
Q

main-group element

A

(also, representative element) element in groups 1, 2, and 13–18

18
Q

metal

A

element that is shiny, malleable, good conductor of heat and electricity

19
Q

metalloid

A

element that conducts heat and electricity moderately well, and possesses some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals

20
Q

molecular compound

A

(also, covalent compound) composed of molecules formed by atoms of two or more different elements

21
Q

molecular formula

A

formula indicating the composition of a molecule of a compound and giving the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound.

22
Q

monatomic ion

A

ion composed of a single atom

23
Q

noble gas

A

(also, inert gas) element in group 18

24
Q

Non-metal

A

element that appears dull, poor conductor of heat and electricity

25
Q

nucleus

A

massive, positively charged center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons

26
Q

oxyacid

A

compound that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and one other element, bonded in a way that imparts acidic properties to the compound (ability to release H+ ions when dissolved in water)

27
Q

oxyanion

A

polyatomic anion composed of a central atom bonded to oxygen atoms

28
Q

period

A

(also, series) horizontal row of the periodic table

29
Q

periodic law

A

properties of the elements are periodic function of their atomic numbers.

30
Q

periodic table

A

table of the elements that places elements with similar chemical properties close together

31
Q

pnictogen

A

element in group 15

32
Q

polyatomic ion

A

ion composed of more than one atom

33
Q

representative element

A

(also, main-group element) element in columns 1, 2, and 12–18

34
Q

series

A

(also, period) horizontal row of the period table

35
Q

spatial isomers

A

compounds in which the relative orientations of the atoms in space differ

36
Q

structural formula

A

shows the atoms in a molecule and how they are connected

37
Q

structural isomer

A

one of two substances that have the same molecular formula but different physical and chemical properties because their atoms are bonded differently

38
Q

transition metal

A

element in groups 3–12 (more strictly defined, 3–11; see chapter on transition metals and coordination chemistry)

39
Q

isomers

A

compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures

Chemistry - OpenStax (11 decks)

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