Chemical groups Flashcards
actinide
inner transition metal in the bottom of the bottom two rows of the periodic table
alkali metal
element in group 1
alkaline earth metal
element in group 2
anion
negatively charged atom or molecule (contains more electrons than protons)
binary compound
compound containing two different elements.
cation
positively charged atom or molecule (contains fewer electrons than protons)
chalcogen
element in group 16
covalent compound
(also, molecular compound) composed of molecules formed by atoms of two or more different elements
empirical formula
formula showing the composition of a compound given as the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms
fundamental unit of charge
(also called the elementary charge) equals the magnitude of the charge of an electron (e) with e = 1.602 × 10−19 C
halogen
element in group 17
inner transition metal
(also, lanthanide or actinide) element in the bottom two rows; if in the first row, also called lanthanide, or if in the second row, also called actinide
ion
electrically charged atom or molecule (contains unequal numbers of protons and electrons)
ionic bond
electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions of an ionic compound
ionic compound
compound composed of cations and anions combined in ratios, yielding an electrically neutral substance
lanthanide
inner transition metal in the top of the bottom two rows of the periodic table
main-group element
(also, representative element) element in groups 1, 2, and 13–18
metal
element that is shiny, malleable, good conductor of heat and electricity
metalloid
element that conducts heat and electricity moderately well, and possesses some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals
molecular compound
(also, covalent compound) composed of molecules formed by atoms of two or more different elements
molecular formula
formula indicating the composition of a molecule of a compound and giving the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound.
monatomic ion
ion composed of a single atom
noble gas
(also, inert gas) element in group 18
Non-metal
element that appears dull, poor conductor of heat and electricity
nucleus
massive, positively charged center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons
oxyacid
compound that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and one other element, bonded in a way that imparts acidic properties to the compound (ability to release H+ ions when dissolved in water)
oxyanion
polyatomic anion composed of a central atom bonded to oxygen atoms
period
(also, series) horizontal row of the periodic table
periodic law
properties of the elements are periodic function of their atomic numbers.
periodic table
table of the elements that places elements with similar chemical properties close together
pnictogen
element in group 15
polyatomic ion
ion composed of more than one atom
representative element
(also, main-group element) element in columns 1, 2, and 12–18
series
(also, period) horizontal row of the period table
spatial isomers
compounds in which the relative orientations of the atoms in space differ
structural formula
shows the atoms in a molecule and how they are connected
structural isomer
one of two substances that have the same molecular formula but different physical and chemical properties because their atoms are bonded differently
transition metal
element in groups 3–12 (more strictly defined, 3–11; see chapter on transition metals and coordination chemistry)
isomers
compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures
