Sue - Respiratory sysem Flashcards
Volume of air breathed in or out per breath
Tidal Volume
Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath
Inspiratory Reserve Volume - decreases during exercise
Volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath
Expiratory Reserve Volume - decreases during exercise
Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration
Residual Volume - remains the same during exercise
Volume of air breathed in or out per minute
Minute Ventilation
The sympathetic system ……………………….. breathing rate
The parasympathetic …………………………. breathing rate
Increases
Decreases
Describe the process of chemoreceptors increasing breathing rate
Chemoreceptors detect an increase in CO2 > inspiratory centre > phrenic nerve > pectoralis minor > rate, depth and rhythm of breathing increases
Adrenaline…
increases breathing rate in preparation for exercise
Impact of physical activity on the respiratory system
- Improves efficiency so body can supply muscles with more oxygen due to an increase in SA of alveoli
- Greater gaseous exchange
- Deeper breathing
- Tidal volume and minute ventilation increase
Impact of smoking on the respiratory system
- Decreased efficiency
- Carbon Monoxide binds to haemoglobin more readily than oxygen
- Decreases gas exchange
- Increases likelihood of respiratory diseases
- Tar coats the airways
How is alveoli adapted to its function?
- Thin walls > short diffusion pathway
- Extensive capillary network
- Huge Surface Area (SA)
Inspiration…
Diaphragm flattens
External Inter-coastal muscles contract
Rib-cage moves up and out
Expiration…
Diaphragm domes
External Inter-coastal muscles relax
Rib-cage moves down and in
What do you think will happen to the graphical representation of tidal volume?
Lines get longer (up and down)
lines closer together
Diffusion is…
the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
