Sudden loss of vision Flashcards
How does damage to the optic nerve present?
Monocular vision loss with central scotoma
Afferent pupil defects
Colour blindness
Papillitis -> optic atrophy
How does anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy present on fundoscopy?
Pale, swollen optic disc
What are the symptoms of giant cell arteritis (a type of aion)?
Headache
Malaise
Jaw claudication
Tender scalp
Neck pain
Monocular sight loss
What do investigations show in giant cell arteritis?
High ESR and CRP
Needs biopsy
How is giant cell arteritis treated?
Steroids
What are the signs of optic neuritis?
UL loss of acuity over hours/days
Colour vision affected - red desaturation
Painful eye movements
Afferent pupil defect
Linked to future development of MS
What is the treatment for optic neuritis?
Steroids
What does central retinal artery occlusion look like of fundoscopy?
Cherry red spot on the centre of a white retina
What are the signs of retinal vein occlusion?
Central vein - sudden onset painless blurred vision
Branch vein - may be asymptomatic, visual defects relating to area of occlusion
What does central retinal vein occlusion look like on fundoscopy?
Cotton wool spots
Swollen optic nerve
Maculaoedema
How is retinal vein occlusion managed?
Urgent refferal
Anti-VEGF therapy, steroids
What can be a consequence of retinal vein occlusion?
Vitreous haemorrhage
