Pupils

Question 1

What is an afferent pupil defect?

Answer 1

Pupil won’t respond to light - direct response absent
Will respond to light in the other eye - consensual response

Pupils will be equal size due to consensual response

Question 2

What are the causes of afferent pupil defects?

Answer 2

Optic neuritis
Optic atrophy
Retinal disease

Question 3

What is an efferent pupil defect?

Answer 3

Palsy of CNIII
Fixed dilated pupil
Down (superior oblique) and out (lateral rectus)

Question 4

What are the causes of effent pupil defects?

Answer 4

Cavernous sinus lesion
Superior orbital fissure syndrome
Diabetes
Post. comm. a. aneurysm

Question 5

What are the signs of Horner’s syndrome?

Answer 5

Disruption to sympathetic fibres

Miotic pupil - small 
No dilation in the dark 
Partial ptosis 
Heterochromia - multicoloured iris 
No sweating on affected side of face