Red eye

Question 1

What are the signs of conjunctivitis?

Answer 1

Diffuse hyperamia (excess blood supply)
Mild irritation
Blurring, but VA test is normal
Discharge

Question 2

How is conjunctivitis treated?

Answer 2

Viral - eye drops and anti-histamines

Bacterial - topical abx (chloramphenicol, fusidic acid)

Question 3

What are the signs of episcleritis?

Answer 3

Focal hyperaemia (excess blood supply)
Mild irritation
Photophobia

Question 4

How is episcleritis treated?

Answer 4

Eye drops

Topical/systemic NSAIDs

Question 5

What are the signs of scleritis?

Answer 5

Dull aching and pain when moving eye
Photophobia
Can affect VA

Question 6

How is scleritis treated?

Answer 6

Urgent referral
NSAIDs and steroid
If necrotising - needs immunosuppression (cyclophosphamide or rituximab

Question 7

What are the signs of anterior uveitis?

Answer 7

Pain 
Photophobia 
Decreased VA
Laxcrimation 
Small pupil

Question 8

How is anterior uveitis treated?

Answer 8

Urgent referral
Topical steroids
Cyclopentolate drops to dilate eye

Question 9

What are the signs of acute glaucoma?

Answer 9

Pain 
Decreased visual acuity 
Steamy/hazy cornea 
Large pupil 
Increased eye pressure >30

Question 10

How is acute glaucoma treated?

Answer 10

Immediate referral

b-blockers, pilocarpine, IV acetazolamide