sudden loss of vision Flashcards
what are the typical causes of sudden vision loss
vascular (branch/ CRAO)
inflammatory disorders (optic neuritis)
reitnal dettachment
what are the different types of vascular occlusion
branch and CRA occlusions
branch and central retinal vein occlusions
anterior ischaemic optic neuropthay
what are the causes of arterial occlusion
antherosclerosis or emboli from caroitd artery or heart
less frequently it is caused by GCA
allitituidnal vision loss (BRAO)
what are the characteristics of retinal emboli
atheroma from carotid artery
experience severe ocular transient ishacemic attack loss vision
CRVO with ischameic characteristics
not much haemhorrhage because the retina is very ischameic
neovasuclarisation
optic disc swelling with wool spots
hypercoagulation disorders
e.g. leukemia , polycethaemia, protein c deficeny
anterior ischameic optic neuropathy
this condition ooccurs in two forms arteric and non arteric
sometimes caused by GCA
sudden and often profound loss of vision
RAPD
swollen optic disc + pale
symptoms of GCA
Recent onset headache . polymyalgaria headahce, rheumatica, jaw claudation , temporal artheriris
characteritics of retinal vein occluision
flame hamehohhrahes
blurring of vision and field defect
usually associated with antherosclerosis and hypertension
central retinal artery occlusion
acute and painless monocular vision loss , the entire visual field is gone
fundoscopic findings (include pale retina , isahcemia , and cherry red macula
what is an example of inflammatory cause of vision loss
optic neuritis
characterisitcs of optic neuritis
may be intial manifestation of MS
commonly affctects colour vision
swollen ON
vision loss
central scotoma
how does secondary ON toxoplasmosis occur
if pt develops an area of neuroretinits close to the optic nerve , then the optic nerve can become swollen
treatment is with steroid and antibiotics
what happens in a retinal dettachment
space between the photoreceptors and the retinal pigmented epithelium
fluid enters this space and thee reina is lifted or dettached from the rpe
symptoms of retinal dettachment
flashes (caused by retinal traction)
floaters (virteous haemhorrahaege)
field loss (dettachment)
what are the characteristics of retinal tears
can be seen before retinal dettachment
be sealed via laser
horshoe shaped tears
