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opthalmoo final > Red eye > Flashcards

Red eye Flashcards

1
Q

thin layer between sclera and episclera

A

episclera

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2
Q

differerence between sclera and conjuctvitis

A

scleritis asociated with systemic vasculitis

episcleiritis ,no dishcarge , no loss of va , resolves spontaneoulsy if left untreated , helped with NSAIDS e.g ibprofren

scelritis- usually painful , may be associated with loss of vision, pts usually have rhematoid arthirits or sytsemic vasculitis

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3
Q

clinical signs of AAU/iritis

A

intense redness of the globe

irregular pupil that is stuck to the lense - posterior synachie

cells on the back durface of the corena - keratitic percipitrates

variable iop - often low - occasionally very low

fibrin clot in anterior chamber

reduced va

systemic associations = sarcodosis , paratoid gland swelling , 7th nerve plasy , erythema

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4
Q

AACG presentation

A

elerdelry hyperopic

acute increase pressure of intraoucalr pressure

unilateral red eye and severe pain and profound loss of vision

signs red eye , corneal odema

mid dilated pupil , poor VA

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5
Q

treatement of glaucoma

A

lower iop

using drops acetazolamide

intravenoous mannitol

irditomy

stops 2nd attack by by passing the pupil

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6
Q

what would you see in an allergic ulcer

A

marginal keratitis

intense white lesion at the peripheral margin of the cornea

associated with redness , treatment = steroid , specalist advice

untreated lesions resolve spontenaously

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7
Q

bacterial keratitis- presentation

A

corneal infection

bacterial keratitis

rare but severe , cornea= hazy with corneal abscess

treatment = intense fortified antibiotdis

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8
Q

what does AAU occur with

A

inflammatroy bowel diseraser

psoratic atrophy

granulomatous disease
saracodis , tb

ask about joint problems, mouth ulcers , chest or sin problems

genitourninary symptoms

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9
Q

charactersitics of AAU

A

unilateral

photphobia

reduced VA

acute painful red eye

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10
Q

what corneal infections (keratitis) can cause red eyes

A

viral

bacterial

ancanthoneba

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11
Q

what are allergic conrral disorders that can cause red eye

A

marginal kertatis

immunological keratiis (peripheral ulcerative keratitis)

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12
Q

important things to remember with corneal foregin bodies

A

sub tarsal foreign boyd

always think of possibility of an intraocualr foregn bodu , if history of high velocity injury

best removed with a topical anesthetic

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13
Q

what corenal viruses can cause red eyes

A

herpes simplex virus

symptoms - foreign body sensation ,photphobia , watery dishcarge

treatment is with anitvural acyclovoir

NOT TREATEMENT WITH STEROID

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14
Q

Eyelid infections causing red eye

A

viral - herpes simplex

herpes zoster

papilloma

bacterial stye

infestations

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15
Q

presentation of herpes zoster opthalmicus

A

vesiclo bulous eruption affecting opthalmic divison of trigeminal nerve

eye affected if tip of nose is involved (nasociallary nerve)

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16
Q

blepharitis treatment

A

lid hygiene

lubricants

topical antibiotics

rubbed onto lid hyfgiene and other lid hygiene

topical steroids

oral antibiotics - meibomican gland expression to prevent chalazion

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17
Q

symptoms of dry eye

A

discomfort

visual distubance

tear film instaboloyu

potential to damage ocular surface

factors , age , cl wear, systemic conditions sjorgen syndrome

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18
Q

dry eye testing

A

fluroscin for epitheliel damage

TFBUT - seconds it takes for tear film to break up

schirmer test

meibomian gland expression

measures aqueous productioon

measures level of secretions in lipid layer of tear film

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19
Q

eyelid malposition causing red eye

A

entropian

ectropian - eyelid pulling away from skin

20
Q

difference between ADE and EDE

A

ADE- worse towards the end of day

EDE- worse on awakeing
(inidicates MGD)

21
Q

blepharitis symptoms

A

gritty eyes

watery discharge

foreign body sensation

recurrent chalazion

22
Q

possible presentations of blepharitis

A

thickend red inflamed eyelids

loss of eyelashes

flaky material (keratinsewd sqaumous) in eyebrows

chronic blepharitis , notched upper lid leading to tear film instablity

23
Q

conjuctivitis presentation

A

vision not affected

discharge

watery/ sticky in viral infection

purlent in bcaterial infection

watery/muscous in viral

bloody discharge can occur in some sever viral + bactrail infections e.g. diptheria

viral infection - marked immune response - follicular

white lesions raised

allergic reactionn - capillary dilation

and increased permeability causing red lesions and papillae

24
Q

what is viral conjuctivits associated with

A

adenovirus

preauricular lymphadenopthay

25
Q

subconjuctival haemhorrhage associated with

A

sudden onset bright red eye

blood can spread under conjuctiva so small haemhorrhage can extend to cover the globe

if following trauma , check for orbital and ocular injury

can be spontaneous in elderly

26
Q

in ectropian what should you check for

A

in facial palsy check for eyeclosure

corneal sensaton and for bells phenomena

if these are absent requires urgent refferal

27
Q

what are bacterial infections causing bacterial conj

A

staph , neisserhia , strep

chlaymidia

trachoma

adult inclusion

neonatal

28
Q

what can severe herpes zoster opthalmicus cause

A

can lead to keratits with corneal clouding thinning

29
Q

subconuuctival hamehoohrage is

A

inflammation of the conjuctiva

30
Q

lice and nits attached to the eylids

A

lice infestation

31
Q

lid malposition

A

entropian , eyelashes abrade corna

caused by lid laxcity in the elderly and needs sx

32
Q

what are the different types of allergic conjuctivits

A

acute type 1 hypersensitivity

aucte type 1 hypersensitivity

chronic allergic conuctivits

pts usually atopic , athma , hayfever ezema in chronoic allergic conj

33
Q

possible presentatiion of contact dermatitis

A

red eye

discharge

inflamed skin

with ulceration

34
Q

chronic allergic conjuctivits

A

vernal keratoconjuctivits

severe allergic conjuctivits

sticky musocus dishcarge

large papillaue

cornea ulcer

tretament includes topical steroids

35
Q

bacterial conjuctivits

A

often starts in 1 eye and spreads to the other eye

topical antibiotics - use fusidic acid

+ chloremphenicol

36
Q

trachoma

A

disease of poor hygieen

causes conjucitval scarring and dry eyes

in growing eyelashes

corneal scarring and vascularisaton

37
Q

chlaymidia adult incusion conj

A

adult inclusion conj

causes genitourninary infection

organism passed directly from eye from unwashed hands

cuases unilateral follicular conuctiva in the eye

38
Q

opthalmia nenaturium

A

conjuctivius in first 3 weeks of life

passes through birth canal

chalymida

herpes simplex

gonnhoriea

staph aurues

associated with corneal inflamation , essential to treat underlying geniotourninary infection

treatment is with systemic ertyhmyocin

39
Q

periorbial vs orbital

A

periorbial - confined to eyelids

history of trauma

insect bites

usually requires oral antibiotics

orbital

lid swelling

proptosis

decreased eye movements

high dose iv antibiotics for orbital

40
Q

blephairits is unilateral or bilateral

A

bilateral

41
Q

endoptjhalmitis

A

usually post operative but can be endogenous

if no history of surgery

ocular emergency = redness , pain , loss of VA

sterile uverits = diagnosis of exclusion

intraocualr antibiotic reuqired if perception of light only - urgent virectomy and intraoucalr antibiotics

42
Q

serious red eye conditions

A

AACG , keratitis , scelritis and iritis

43
Q

difference betwenen scleritis and episcelritis

A

slceirits very painful

purple

no blanching with phenelphrine

episcleirit s

not usually painful

blanching with phenelphrine

episcleritis often associated with certain inflammatory conditions

44
Q

pingieclum

A

present on nasal limbus

rarely requires treatment

if inflamed short cuase of steroids sufficent

45
Q

vernal keratconjuctivits

A

recurrent bilateral immune mediated history

affects young peoplr

usually seasonal

can be palberal , limbal or mixed

they need immudulation

46
Q

ptergium

A

fibrovascular growth of degenerative bulbar tissue

cross limbus and encroaches onto the corena

no treatment if asymptomatic

excision

47
Q

atopic keratcons

A

typically present in adults

usually perrenial

corneal involvement can lead to blindness if left untreated

often have a long history of atrophy

opthalmoo final (13 decks)

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