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opthalmoo final > diabetic retinopathy > Flashcards

diabetic retinopathy Flashcards

1
Q

what is diabettic retinopthay

A

multifocal disease of the retinal vasuclauature

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2
Q

why does diabtetic retinopahty cause vision loss

A

the fovea may be involved

over time causes widespread abnormalities of the retina

these have major consequcences which may evetually include virteous hamehorhrages and retinal dettacment

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3
Q

what are the different classifications of diabetic retinopathy

A

background/ preproliferative

preproliferative

profierative

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4
Q

features of diabetic retinpathy

A

microanyrusms

haemhorrhages

microinfarcts

extramacular retinal thickening

odema (exudates)

normal visiionw

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5
Q

what are exudates

A

depostion of lipid and liporotein in the outer plexiform layer in the presence of retinal odema

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6
Q

when is an exudate sight threatning

A

when it falls within the macular

sight threatining maucolpathy

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7
Q

what are the causes of vision loss in diabetic maculpathy

A

macular odema

foveal iscahemia

foveal hamehorrhage (often ischameic)

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8
Q

what are the treatments for diabetic maculopathy

A

macular grid or modified grid (focal or laser)

intravirteal tricamoline

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9
Q

what are the features of pre proliferative diabettic retinopathy

A

blot retinal haemhorrhages

intraretinal microvascualr

abormalities

venous dilation

venous beading

venous loops

microinfarcts

retinal vasuclar sheathing

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10
Q

treatment for macular odema

A

laser treatment

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11
Q

if pt dosnt respond to laser treatment for macular odema

A

anti VEGF injections

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12
Q

what are features of background DR

A

microanyerusms

haemhorrhages

microinfarcts

extramacular retinal thickening

odema excudates , normal vision

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13
Q

features of diabetic maculopathy

A

exudates in the macula

exudate+ retinal thickening near foveals

red dots- hamehorrhages + micraneuurysm

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14
Q

features of pre - proliferative DR

A

venous loop/bead/dilaition

blood retinal haemhorrhage

microinfarcts

vascular sheathing

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15
Q

management of preproliferative DR

A

PRP

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16
Q

Features of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

Neovascularisation at the optic disc

17
Q

features of advanced DR

A

gel hamehorhhage / hamehorrhage / NVE /NVD

pre- retimal heamhorrhage

18
Q

risk factors for diabetic retinopathy

A

poor control of blood sugar

poor control of blood pressure

raised serum lipids

smoking

pregnancy

19
Q

what is diabetic retinopathy

A

disease of retinal microvasculature

clinical features: due to multiple areas of focal abnormality in small retinal vessels

20
Q

what is background retinoptathy (features)

A

background (non sight threatening retinopathy)

microanyerusms

haemorrhages

microinfarcts

extramacular retinal (odema)

exudates

normal vision

21
Q

what are the consequences of diabetic retinopathy

A

visual loss because fovea may be involved

22
Q

what do haemoharrhages and microinfarcts look like on the fovea

A

haemhorrhages - tiny red dots

microinfarcts - really small yellow

23
Q

what are microinfarcts

A

interrupted axoplasmic flow at site of microvascular occlusion , small area of perfusion , therefore generalised low perfusion in diabetic retinopathy

24
Q

what are exudates

A

deposition of lipid protein in the presence of retinal oedema

25
Q

what are possible features of background retina

A

drusen (holes in the retina)

26
Q

what is the management of diabetic retinopahty

A

none for retinopathy (not sight threatening )

annual review

27
Q

features associated with proliferative diabetic retinpathy

A

neovascularisation

most important reason for poor outcome (blindness) is inadequate laser

1st priority is to undertake pan retinal photocoagulation

28
Q

describe the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy

A

microvascular changes lead to increased leakage of the capillary cells wall , damage to leads to development of microanyerusms

increased leakage of lipids causes hard exudate deposits

capillaries can break up causing dot and blot haemorrhages

capillary occlusion leads to hypoxia = cotton wool spots

and stimulate neovasuclairation

macular leakage and oedema can affect vision

29
Q

features of non proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

anyeurms

haemorrhage

hard exudates

30
Q

features of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

growth of abnormal blood vessels

signs of previous or current macular oedema

clinical signs - diabetic macula oedema

hard exudates

neovascularisation/ virtuous/ pre retinal hamehorrhage

31
Q

what is the classification of non proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

background :

features
microanyerusms , dot and blood haemorrhages

hard exudates

pre- proliferative :

cotton wool spots

IRMAs

32
Q

what are the features of a proliferative disc

A

neovascualrisation elsewhere in the retina

33
Q

features of diabetic maculopathy

A

grouped exudate within the macula

treatment is focal laser

oct is used to measure retinal macular thickness

is circulate exudate falls within the circle defining the retina then classified as a sight threatening maculopathy

34
Q

what are the causes of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy

A

macular oedema

foveal ischameia ]
foveal hamehorrhage

35
Q

how is visual loss investigated

A

OCT

fluroscein

angiography

ensure VA loss is not refractive

36
Q

fetaures od preproliferative diabetic retinopthay

A

blot retinal haemorrhages - dark red spots , indicates non perfusion

venous dilation

venous beading

microinfarcts

intraneutral microvascular

37
Q
A

opthalmoo final (13 decks)

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