Succession Flashcards
In what act were Mary and Elizabeth restored?
- ratified by parliament in 1544 Third Act of Succession
By the end of 1552, what was the main focus of the Privy Council?
- Edward’s health deterioration and succession
What order of succession did the Third Act of Succession outline?
- if Ed died without heir
- succeeded by half-sister Mary
- if Mary died without heir
- Elizabeth succeeds her
Why didn’t Edward/ Privy Council want Mary on the throne?
- she held firm to Catholic beliefs and continued hearing mass from chaplain
- Privy Council were concerned she would renounce the Royal Supremacy, restore monasteries/ property
- had done well under Edward and were concerned about consequences of England’s customs and liberties if she married a foreigner
- Northumberland didn’t support her because he had pushed through Protestant legislation and would probably be executed
What was the legal hope of North and the Privy Council to avoid the succession?
- Act of Succession had been passed BUT 1534 and 1536 Acts making Mary and Elizabeth illegitimate hadn’t been repealed
- ie. they were restored but no legal change said they could inherit
What was a key concern of the Privy Council about the succession and how did they deal with it?
- Mary/ Elizabeth would marry a foreign prince
- England would become satellite state to foreign power
- might explain why North married his son Guilford to Lady Jane Grey (May 1553) ie. provide a solidly English marriage that would be more acceptable to those who feared foreign interference
What legal documents were drawn up by Edward and what did they say?
- devyse drawn up
- enabled Lady Jane (brill because she’s Protestant) to succeed and for his Protestant Church to be protected
- supported by Privy Council and North, support of household officials, leading judges, 22 peers, mayor and aldermen (leading politicians) of the City of London
- Letters Patent then drawn up (but never made law before Ed dies)
After the devyse gains so much support and Jane is proclaimed Queen - what does Mary do?
- allowed to travel unchecked
- travels from Hertfordshire to places where she knew she would find support
On what date did Mary claim the throne? How?
- 9th July
- she wrote to the Privy Council
Within two days of her claiming the throne - what happened?
- joined at Kenninghall by number of key politicians who supported her personally/ legitimacy of parliamentary legislation/ right of the Tudors to rule/ because they were Catholic
After Kenninghall - where did Mary move? Who joined her?
- Framlingham Castle in Norfolk
- Robert Brown (baron of the Exchequer)
- Earl of Sussex
- serjeant at law Richard Morgan (elite lawyer)
How did Northumberland feel it was most necessary to proceed?
- (having written to reject Mary’s claim)
- arrest Mary and detain her in Tower
- North and two sons (Robert and Guilford) accompanied by 500 men and left London - joined by further 2,500 men
- sacked property belonging to Mary’s supporters
- occupied Cambridge
Once North had dispatched troops into East Anglia and returned to Cambridge what had happened?
- found little support for Jane
- 19th July: councillors who had remained in London had proclaimed Mary Queen
- support for Mary found in East Anglia and Thames Valley from provincial nobles and gentry
- (these people persuaded the Privy Councillors who had signed the Letters Patent to abandon North)
Why did councillors change to Mary so quickly?
- popular support for Mary being demonstrated throughout the country
- representatives of HRE had been emphasising that they would be conciliatory but also threat of intervention
- number of councillors seen to have only supported Northumberland because he held the military power
What kind of propaganda tactics had North and Jane used against Mary?
- Jane’s first proclamation argued that if Mary was Queen she would bring this ‘noble, free realm into the tyranny and servitude of the Bishop of Rome’
- North wrote to localities that Mary’s accession would return England to the bondage of the Antichrist
