Attacks on Catholicism

Question 1

Who can be credited with transforming the Church of England to be truly Protestant? and what were their roles?

Answer 1

• (directed by) Cranmer
• (supported by) King
• (politically directed by) Somerset and Northumberland

Question 2

What signs meant there was little indication of imminent religious reform at the beginning of Edward’s reign?

Answer 2

• requiem Mass was held for Henry as had been requested

- Edward’s coronation included Latin litany and a Mass

Question 3

What other factors meant the radical religious change couldn’t occur immediately?

Answer 3

• lay lords and gentry were opposed to radical theological reform
• demands of war and impact that further change might have on relations with European powers

Question 4

Who was moving from Lutheran to Zwinglian views?

Answer 4

• Cranmer

Question 5

Despite factors limiting religious reform, who was planning “a religious revolution of ruthless thoroughness”

Answer 5

• Cranmer

Question 6

Who commented that Cranmer was planning “a religious revolution of ruthless thoroughness”?

Answer 6

• MacCulloch

Question 7

The November 1547 dissolution of the chantries was doctrinal (eventually dissolved 3,000) - why did they have no purpose for Protestants?

Answer 7

• didn’t believe in Masses or prayers for the dead

- didn’t believe in purgatory

Question 8

(Although Somerset was cautious in his religious reform) What was the serious consequence of the repealing of the Act of Six Articles?

Answer 8

• left the Church of England without any official doctrine

Question 9

(Although Somerset was cautious in his religious reform)

What were the serious consequences of the repealing of the Treason Act?

Answer 9

• removed laws against heresy, treason and censorship
• for the first time, people were allowed to spread radical views without fear of arrest/ imprisonment
• Protestant pamphlets were published attacking the Mass, the role of priests and general Catholicism
• in some areas there were incidents of iconoclasm

Question 10

What was the government’s initial response to the occurrences after the Treason Act was repealed?

Answer 10

• tried to contain the unrest by issuing proclamations stating that only authorised clergy could preach and then, within months, banning preaching completely

Question 11

After the 1547 visitations were taking place and Cranmer had produced his Book of Homilies, what serious challenges to traditional practices were evident?

Answer 11

• processions, recitation of the rosary and burning candle before rood screen were prohibited

Question 12

In 1545, the first proposal to dissolve the chantries, what was the attractiveness?

Answer 12

• to access wealth and the property of the lay guilds (financial motives in Henry’s reign, doctrinal in Edward’s)

Question 13

In some areas, how was the order ‘to remove superstitious images’ taken literally?

Answer 13

• statues and altars and stained glass windows smashed

Question 14

What was emphasised in Cranmer’ Book of Homilies?

Answer 14

• focused strongly upon the character of God and Justification by Faith

Question 15

As per the July 1547 Book of Homilies (Protestant sermons, one supporting Lutheran belief of justification by faith) and Paraphrases proclamation, what had to happen?

Answer 15

• Homilies and Erasmus’ Paraphrases should be placed in every parish church
• established in almost all by end of 1549

Question 16

As per the July 1547 Injunctions, what had to happen?

Answer 16

• all clergy had to preach in English, have English Bible and Protestant literature

Question 17

What demonstrates that the Chantries dissolution was now more doctrinal than financial?

Answer 17

• additional preamble condemning all prayers for the dead

Question 18

After the removal of the Treason act, radicals leapt at the chance. How did the government try and curb their outbursts?

Answer 18

• proclamation stating only authorised clergy to preach
• all images to be removed
• proclamation of no preaching until new liturgy introduced