Religious Changes General

Question 1

What evidence is there that Edward was actually a driving force behind religious change?

Answer 1

• not satisfied with moderate 1BoCP
• aware of details of debate around 2BoCP
• involved in Parliamentary legislation around Second Act of Uniformity
• determined to make everyone attend Protestant services
• attended PC meetings
• favoured radical reformers

Question 2

How was Somerset limited in his Protestant policies?

Answer 2

• fear of Charles V
• rebellions of 1549
• concern over war with Scotland

Question 3

What evidence is there that Somerset took a moderate Protestant stance?

Answer 3

• few conservative bishops removed

- nobody persecuted for heretic beliefs during 3 years in office

Question 4

For Northumberland, religion is said to have come second to power. How was he going to benefit from moves towards Protestantism?

Answer 4

• increased bond of affection between him and Ed
• believed religious future (and his political future) lay in Protestantism, and supported this by appointing radicals ie. Hooper became bishop of Gloucester
• power and money in stripping Catholic Church
• Guy believes Northumberland noted that Protestantism naturally lent itself to social order

Question 5

What was arguably the greatest problem for the reformation?

Answer 5

• lack of educated preachers

- Bishop Hooper visited own diocese and found 171/311 clergy could not recite the Ten Commandments

Question 6

How did European reformers drive religious changes?

Answer 6

• 1547-1553: 40 of Europe’s reformers came to reside in England
• provided ideas and preaching talents
• 2BofCP was greatly influenced by Bucer’s criticisms of first
• Cranmer = in close correspondence with Melanchthon (leader of Lutheranism after Luther’s death)

Question 7

A lack of opposition (except Western rebellion) may have encouraged changes. How was opposition successfully dealt with?

Answer 7

• Western rebellion successfully suppressed
• Gardiner = sent to town
• Bonner (bishop of London) = preached in St Paul’s about transubstantiation, and was imprisoned
• both deprived of sees and replaced by reformers

Question 8

How did greed drive changes in later years of reign?

Answer 8

• 1552: survey of clergy worth over £50 a year

- untapped wealth = £1,000,000 ish - Northumberland tried to attack vast resources

Question 9

What evidence is there that Mary was committed to her faith?

Answer 9

• continued in illegal latin mass
• Charles V sent ambassadors to request that Mary be exempt from changes - refused
• Charles sent a fleet to try and help her escape abroad but there were counter-attacks sent by Edward

Question 10

How did Edward deal with Mary’s Catholicism?

Answer 10

• ordered Mary’s chaplains to be removed and commanded her presence at court