Suburbanisation

Question 1

where is suburbanisation taking place

Answer 1

in the developed world

Question 2

push factors for suburbanisation

Answer 2

• some housing in urban areas is poor quality e.g. UK in 40s, houses were small and some lacked basic services
• deindustrialisation in city centres (manufacturing moves out) leads to people losing jobs
• unemployment increases, people have less money to spend, local shops and services forced to close, fewer local services for people living in the city

Question 3

pull factors for suburbanisation

Answer 3

• planning laws may be more relaxed outside the city - easier to build houses
• improvements in public transport and increasing car ownership mean people can live further away and commute to city
• as businesses and shops moves out to take advantage of cheaper rents on outskirts, more jobs become available in suburbs

Question 4

impacts on the city centre of suburbanisation

Answer 4

• as people move out, buildings in the city centre are abandoned and may become derelict - processes can lead to city centre becoming run down
• as businesses leave, unemployment increases, lower living standards and poverty
• wealthier middle class people move to suburbs where there is better quality of life, people left behind are poorer and often foreign immigrants - economic and ethnic segregation
• people commuting to work increases congestion and air pollution

Question 5

impacts on the suburbs of suburbanisation

Answer 5

• new housing estates are built on open countryside, affects wildlife habitats
• as urban areas spread, more ground is concreted over, increase surface run-off and risk of flooding
• most people living there have cars, number of cars on road increases, causes congestion and air pollution

Question 6

ways to manage impacts on suburbanisation

Answer 6

• redevelopment schemes encourage some people and business to move back to city centres (improve brownfield sites)
• many urban areas are surrounded by a greenbelt to stop urban areas getting too large, protects countryside
• some schemes aimed to reduce traffic congestion in the city centre e.g. London congestion charge
• some towns have improved their flood defence schemes