Substances Flashcards
Use of a single joint can lead to a positive urine marijuana test as many as this number of
days later
4 days later
Use of marijuana at an early age may interact with those who have the genetic predisposition & promote the development of this serious mental illness
Schizophrenia
The most common psychiatric adverse side effects of marijuana use is psychosis and this
anxiety/panic attacks
Cognitive effects of marijuana include amotivation, disorientation, unsteady coordination, altered perception, decreased consciousness and this reason for poor academic performance
memory loss
What percent of users become dependent on marijuana?
10%
This synthetic Cannabinoid agonist is used to treat anorexia and weight loss in AIDS patients & nausea/vomiting in patients
getting chemo
dronabinol (marinol)
Marijuana’s clinical properties include these 3 effects:
anti-inflammatory effects
anti-convulsant effects
anti-emetic effects
Which of the following most commonly describes withdrawal from marijuana:
Potentially life threatening,
Significant discomfort, or
Mild symptoms
Mild symptoms
What terms describe marijuana use that leads to a reduction in prosocial goal-directed activities that may contribute to poor school or job performance?
amotivational syndrome
This non-nicotine agent is thought to increase dopamine and norepinephrine levels and mimic some of the effects of nicotine
Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
This smoking cessation medication is a long acting partial agonist
at the α4β2NAR
varenicline (chantix)
This tricyclic antidepressant is not first-line but a second line smoking cessation agent due to its side effect profile
nortriptyline
It is unusual to rare for an individual to start smoking
after this age
21 years old
Nicotine withdrawal from smoking cessation usually begins within 24 hours, and peaks at what time post-cessation?
Day 2-3
Nicotine withdrawal from smoking cessation usually will lasts how long?
2-3 weeks
This alpha-2 adrenergic agonist is used for treating hypertension but has shown promise for smoking cessation
clonidine
What is most common tobacco use product?
Cigarettes
Disappearance of nausea and dizziness despite repeated tobacco use is an indication of this
Tolerance
For ♀ & older adults, a social or moderate drinker is one who does not binge drink & consumes on average no more than how many drinks per day?
One
This type of peptide mediates some of alcohol’s rewarding effects by enhancing the midbrain release of dopamine
Opioid
This medication inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase leading to a build up of acetaldehyde and negative reinforcement of alcohol use
disulfiram (antabuse)
This medication is used in the treatment of alcohol dependence and is available in a monthly depot injection.
naltrexone (vivitrol)
These two medications for alcohol use disorder are contraindicated in pts with significantly compromised
liver function.
disulfiram (anatbuse) and naltrexone (vivitrol)
For ♂ who are < 65 y/o, a social or moderate drinker is one who does not binge drink & on average consumes no more than how many drinks per day?
Two
This alcohol use disorder medication is an opioid mu receptor antagonist as a
treatment option
naltrexone (vivitrol)
This medication helps prevent relapse, has a common side effect of diarrhea, is safe in hepatic compromised pts, but is contraindicated in pts with severe renal disease
acamprosate (campral)
Naltrexone is most effective in treating this aspect of alcohol dependence
cravings
Standard drug screens do not detect these drugs and usage typically declines dramatically after the teen years
inhalants
The phenylalkylamines class of hallucinogens includes mescaline, DOM, and this most well known drug
MDMA (ecstasy, XTC)
First developed as a anesthetic, this drug produces feelings of separation from mind and body-dissociation
Phencylcidine (PCP)
Continued use of which hallucinogen has been linked to neurotoxic effects:
MDMA, LSD, or PCP
MDMA (ecstasy)
Any inhaled volatile hydrocarbons (glues, fuels, paints) may produce “sudden sniffing death” due to what effect?
cardiac arrhythmia
Phencylclidine (PCP) can be detected in the urine up to this many days after use
8 days
The ergoline class of hallucinogens includes this drug which often produces visual hallucinations which can be frightening to the user
lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
While lab testing can detect PCP, may or may not be helpful detecting hallucinogens, lab testing is not helpful detecting this
inhalants
Intoxication with this drug may produce vertical or horizontal nystagmus, diminished responsiveness to pain, and violent behavior
Phencyclidine (PCP)
The proportion of users of this are most likely to become dependent on the substance
nicotine
Use of this illicit drug is most commonly involved in ER visits
cocaine
When sober, users of this drug(s) may re-experience geometric visual hallucinations, flashes of color, intensified colors, or misperception of objects being too large or too small
hallucinogens (Primarily LSD)
About 50% of people who attempt to quit smoking develop withdrawal and commonly complain of irritability, difficulty
concentrating, and this
anxiety
About 50% of people who attempt to quit smoking develop withdrawal and commonly complain of what symptoms?
irritability, difficulty
concentrating, and anxiety
Over 80% of tobacco users attempt to quit, 60% relapse within 1 week, and this proportion succeed and do not ever relapse
1 in 20 (5%)
A drink is defined as a 1.5 ounce shot, this 4-6 ounces of wine, or this many ounces of beer
12 ounces
A drink is defined as a 12 ounce beer, 4-6 ounces of wine, or this many ounces of a shot
1.5 ounce shot
A drink is defined as a 1.5 ounce shot, a 12 ounce beer, or this many ounces of wine
4-6 ounces
Psychostimulants specifically worsen these symptoms of schizophrenia
hallucinations and paranoia
Use of marijuana, alcohol, or this before age 15 are considered to be the three “Gateway Drugs” to later dependence problems
Nicotine
What are the three “Gateway Drugs” to later dependence problems
Nicotine
Marijuana
Alcohol
What is the most common illicit drug used worldwide across all age groups?
Marijuana
