Substance Use Disorder Flashcards
Substance Use disorder (SUD
A medical condition of the use of one or more substances that leads to significant impairment or distress.
Characterized by an array of mental, physical, and behavioral symptoms that may cause problems related to loss of control, strain to one’s interpersonal life, hazardous use, tolerance, and withdrawal.
What is Tolerance
Using increasing amounts of a substance over time to achieve the same effect and a markedly diminished effect occurs with continued use.
What is Withdrawal
- Symptoms develop when a substance is discontinued abruptly after frequent, heavy, and prolonged substance use
- Symptoms (anxiety, irritability, restlessness, insomnia, fatigue) differ and are specific to each substance (tobacco, cocaine, alcohol)
Common Drugs of Abuse
Alcohol
Stimulants
Depressants
Alcohol Use Disorder
Chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences.
AUD can range from mild to severe, and recovery is possible regardless of severity.
Standard drink
12 fl oz of regular beer (5%)
8-9 fl oz of malt liquor (7%)
5fl oz of table wine (12%)
1.5fl oz of 80 proof distilled spirits (40%)
Moderate alcohol consumption
1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men
Heavy drinking
5 or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days
Blood Alcohol concentration
0.8 or greater indicated intoxication
What is Binge Drinking
Patter of drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration levels to .08
(5 or more for men and 4 or more for females)
How does alcohol effect the body?
Can take a serious toll on your health
- brain
- liver
- heart
- pancreas
If you drink too much alcohol can increase your risk of developing what?
Certain cancers, including of the mouth, esophagus, throat, liver, and breast
T/F Drinking too much alcohol can weaken your immune system?
True, makes your body a much easier target for disease.
What Heart problems can alcohol produce?
Cardiomyopathy- stretching and drooping of heart muscle
Arrhythmias- Irregular heart beat
Stroke
High blood pressure
What Problems can alcohol produce on your liver?
Steatosis or fatty liver
Alcoholic hepatitis
Fibrosis
Cirrhosis
What problems can alcohol cause on your Pancreas?
Pancreatitis: a dangerous inflammation and swelling of the blood vessels in the pancreas that prevents proper digestion.
What kinds of screenings can be done to detect alcohol misuse in adults?
SBIRT
Audit
CAGE
What is SBIRT?
Screening: identifies substance related problems
Brief intervention: Raises awareness or risks and motivates patients
Brief treatment: Cognitive behavior therapy
Referral: of those who have more serious addictions to specialized treatment services
What is Audit-C?
Questionnaire for detecting alcoholism
What is CAGE?
Questionnaire for detecting alcoholism (CUT) (ANNOYED) (GUILTY) (EYE OPENER)
Nursing Care for alcohol intoxication
- no antidote for alcohol is available
- supportive care measures- The ABC’s
- Monitor vital signs and level of consciousness frequently
Nursing Care with Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
- When Abrupt ingestion is stopped
- Onset varies with drinking patterns
- symptoms within 4-6 hours after last drink
- May last up to 14 days
- symptoms within 4-6 hours after last drink
- Does not always progress in a predictable manner
Nursing care for alcohol Withdrawal Delirium
- serious complication
- onset 30-120 hours after last drink
- can be fatal
- Can be preventable or controlled with benzodiazepine administration
What do Stimulants do?
Make people more alert, increase attention, and raise blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing.
Examples of Stimulants?
Amphetamines/methamphetamines
Cocaine
Caffeine
Nicotine
What does Cocaine do?
Increases levels of the natural chemical messenger dopamine in brain circuits related to the control of movement and reward.
What do cociane users experience?
- Euphoria
- Increased energy
- Confidence
- Mental alertness
- Sexual arousal
When coming down off cociane what do users feel?
- Restless
- anxiety
- agitation
- irritability
- insomnia
What do chromic Meth users experience?
- Anxiety
- confusion
- insomnia
- paranoia
- aggression
- visual and auditory hallucinations
- mood disturbance and delusions
Nursing care for stimulants going through withdrawals
- Monitor vital signs
- Craving is intense
- Maintain a safe setting that limits potentially negative interactions with the outside environment
- Prescribe medications to manage the acute withdrawal syndrome
Physiological effects that Opiods provide?
- Enhancement of the feeling of emotional well-being
- Feelings of euphoria
- help with emotional numbing post trauma
- Relief of underlying psychological conditions
Physiological effects that opiods result in?
- Addiction
- Memory deficits
- Hallucinations
- Delusions and Paranoia
- Worsening of mental health
- Increase in symptoms of mental illness
- Drowsiness, sedation, depressed respiration, constipation
Heroin
- Major mental health issue us highly addictive
- inexpensive, easily accessible
- strength varies increasing risk of overdose
Opioid Overdose Traid
- Pinpoint pupils
- Unconsciousness
- respiratory depression
Nursing care for overdose
Naloxone: medication that can reverse an overdose caused by opioid drug such as pain medication or heroin.
Nursing care for withdrawal
Treatment based on symptoms, which can be severe, depending on:
- potency of the abused opioid
- Route of admission
- Duration of use
