Substance use, asthma, CAD, HTN, GI disorders Flashcards
5 major risk factors for CAD
Smoking, high cholesterol, HTN, diabetes, family history
Mechanism of bupropion
Enhances CNS noradrenergic and dopaminergic release
Side effects of bupropion
Weight loss, insomnia, seizure (<0.1%)
Mechanism of varenicline
Partial agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Definition of at-risk alcohol use in women and people at least 65 y/o
> 7 drinks/week or >3 drinks/occasion
Mechanism of disulfuram
Irreversibly inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase (causes ethanol reaction with drinking)
Mechanism of naltrexone in alcohol abuse
Blocks opiate receptors > blocks euphoria from alcohol
Mechanism of acamprosate
Unclear, seems to decrease NMDA-glutamate activity
Spirometry diagnosis of asthma
After inhalation of SABA, either increase of 12% or more in FEV1 from baseline or increase of 10% or more from predicted FEV1
Positive PPD test
> 10 mm for someone at moderate risk of disease
Treatment for latent TB
Isoniazid x 9 months or rifampin x 4 months (add pyridoxine if giving isoniazid)
Treatment for active TB
Intensive phase x 2 months and continuation phase x 4-7 months
Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol
Most common PNA pathogens
None identified is most common (followed by pnuemococcus or mycoplasma)
Treatment for CAP
Amoxicillin + azithromycin (or clarithromycin)
Threshold for diagnosis of stage 1 HTN
130/80
