Substance-Related Disorders

Question 1

substance use disorders

Answer 1

a problematic pattern of substance use that leads to sig impairment/distress and continues despite it
- any 2/11 symptoms within 12mos, specify severity

Question 2

substance induced disorders

Answer 2

2 types:
- substance intoxication
- substance withdrawal)

Question 3

substance intoxication

Answer 3

a reversible substance-specific syndrome due to recent ingestion; psyc/beh changes are due to effects of subs. during/after ingestion
- this is common, usually the 1st subs. related disorder

Question 4

substance withdrawal

Answer 4

a subs-specific problematic beh change due to reducing/stopping use of that subs., usually after heavy/prolonged use
- usually assoc. w/ substance use disorder
- people experience urges (cravings) to use substance to reduce their neg withdrawal symptoms - these are physical and cognitive

Question 5

pattern of substance use in adolescence

Answer 5

usually initiate use in early/middle adols, usually w/ alcohol and/or tobacco
- binge drinking (5+ drinks) peaks in late adols/young adulthood, and declines in mid 20s
- experimental use is NOT linked to adverse outcomes in adols/young adulthood, but is not harmless (impact brain dev, risk of accidents, impaired judgements, alterations in grey/white matter, poor memory, social anxiety, impulsivity, etc)

Question 6

adols vs adults substance use effects

Answer 6

alcohol produces more cog/emot impairment and LESS motor/social impairment in adols
- alcohol is less sedating, has fewer hangover effects in adols

this feels nice in adols, but can lead to probs in adulthood, as people will drink more to feel impaired

reduced sensitivity to alcohol effects –> more drinks at one sitting and higher risk for alcohol dependence

Question 7

comorbidity among substance use disorders and between them and other psychiatric diagnoses

Answer 7

substantial comorbidity is common among substance use disorders (use of 1+ substance inc likelihood of substance use disorder)

substantial comorbidity b/t SUD and 1+ psychiatric disorders, like CD, ADHD, dep, anxiety, PTSD

common comorbidity combos continue across lifespan, but prevalence shifts w/ age

Question 8

etiology

Answer 8

bio: moderate, nonspecific genetic contribution (heritability .4-.6); inc dopamine, altered circuitry in prefrontal, ERP amplitude

individual: alcohol and drug expectancies (your anticipated effects about drug use), self regulation

envir: fam factors (ex: parental sub use disorder), peer factors, onset of stressors (very impt from adol-adult) linked to onset of probs and relapse