COS

Question 1

2 core characteristics of COS

Answer 1

positive symptoms - reflect loss of contact w/ reality: hallucinations, delusions, thought disturbances (lang/comm), disorganized behs

negative symptoms: absence/loss of typical functioning (flat affect (no facial exp), social withdrawal)

also cog symptoms - slower thinking, poor concentration, etc, but NOT req. for diagnosis

Question 2

schizophrenia vs. brief psychotic disorder vs schizophreniform disorder

Answer 2

schizophrenia - 2+/5 signs most of time for 1 month, w/ some signs for 6+mos. signs include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, catatonic behs, neg symptoms

signs present < 1 month = brief psychotic disorder

signs present 1-6 mos = schizophreniform disorder

Question 3

sex differences

Answer 3

found 2X more in boys, but this diff fades in adolescence

Question 4

comorbidity

Answer 4

common: depression, anxiety, ODD/CD, PTSD, substance use disorders
- suicide risk is higher w/ depression or substance use

Question 5

bio + envir. factors

Answer 5

bio: predisposition to dev schizophrenia is genetically based and high (.85)
- neurobio: probs w/ neural circuitry and brain structures
- only predisposition, NOT the illness is inherited, inc risk to develop it but depends a lot on context

onset depends on dev events and envir factors (parental psychopathology, sig stressors)

Question 6

variation in course/outcomes

Answer 6

15-20% favorable outcomes; 30-35% improve but have relapses; 50% need ongoing care, 5% die by suicide

*later age of onset tends to have best outcomes, as well as better social adjustment, no parental psychopathology, supportive family context, treatment compliance

Question 7

non-specific antecedents (not specific to onset of schizophrenia)

Answer 7

social withdrawal, more neg life events, lower intelligence, uneven cog abilities, probs w/ facial emot recog, facial/upper body tics documented