Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

Question 1

What are Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders (SUADs)?

Answer 1

Disorders involving the use of psychoactive substances, which lead to clinical impairment or distress.

Question 2

What are examples of depressants?

Answer 2

Alcohol and benzodiazepines.

Question 2

What are the three main classes of substances often associated with SUADs?

Answer 2

Depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens.

Question 3

What is tolerance in the context of substance use?

Answer 3

Needing more of a substance to achieve the same effect.

Question 3

What effect do stimulants have on the central nervous system?

Answer 3

They increase alertness and energy.

Question 4

What is withdrawal?

Answer 4

Physical and psychological symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance.

Question 5

Give an example of a hallucinogen and its effect.

Answer 5

LSD, which alters sensations and perceptions.

Question 6

How does the DSM-5 classify substance-related disorders?

Answer 6

It categorizes them under “Substance Use Disorders” with varying levels of severity.

Question 7

What was a major change in substance use disorder classification from DSM-IV to DSM-5?

Answer 7

Substance dependence and substance abuse were merged into one category.

Question 7

What is a key feature of substance use disorder according to the DSM-5?

Answer 7

A problematic pattern of use leading to significant impairment or distress.

Question 7

What defines gambling disorder according to DSM-5?

Answer 7

Persistent and recurrent gambling behavior leading to distress or impairment.

Question 8

Which addictive disorder was newly included in DSM-5?

Answer 8

Gambling disorder.

Question 9

What are common effects of high caffeine intake?

Answer 9

Anxiety, insomnia, and loss of sustained attention.

Question 9

What is Internet Gaming Disorder?

Answer 9

A proposed disorder characterized by compulsive gaming, recognized for further research in DSM-5.

Question 10

What percentage of Australians use alcohol?

Answer 10

Around 77%.

Question 10

Name a common stimulant that almost everyone uses.

Answer 10

Caffeine.

Question 11

What is a psychoactive substance?

Answer 11

Any substance that changes neural functioning.

Question 12

What trend is observed in alcohol use among younger Australians?

Answer 12

Younger people are drinking less and delaying their alcohol use.

Question 12

What is binge drinking as defined in this document?

Answer 12

Consuming more than four drinks on a single occasion.

Question 13

What is Foetal Alcohol Syndrome?

Answer 13

A condition in newborns caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy.

Question 13

What health impacts does alcohol have on the body?

Answer 13

Liver disease, pancreatitis, cancers, cardiovascular disease, and neurological damage.

Question 14

What is the purpose of Motivational Interviewing in substance treatment?

Answer 14

To support readiness for change in substance use.

Question 14

How is tolerance defined by DSM-5 for alcohol?

Answer 14

Needing significantly more alcohol to achieve the same effect or experiencing a diminished effect with the same amount.

Question 15

List two symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.

Answer 15

Autonomic hyperactivity and hand tremors.

Question 16

Why might alcohol withdrawal be potentially fatal?

Answer 16

Severe symptoms like seizures and hallucinations can occur.

Question 16

What are two risk factors for relapse in substance use?

Answer 16

Younger age and lack of social resources.

Question 17

What is the goal of contingency management in addiction treatment?

Answer 17

To reward positive behaviors like clean drug tests to encourage abstinence.

Question 18

Name one medication used to manage alcohol use disorder.

Answer 18

Naltrexone

Question 19

What are some "common factors" in effective treatment for substance disorders?

Answer 19

Rapport, empathy, and warmth.

Question 20

What type of therapy involves a "day-at-a-time" focus and support for addiction?

Answer 20

12-step approaches, like Alcoholics Anonymous.

Question 21

Why is alcohol considered a significant health issue in Australia?

Answer 21

High rates of use and associated health problems like liver disease.

Question 22

How does the media typically handle the topic of addiction?

Answer 22

It often focuses on extreme cases and may exaggerate or politicize substance use issues.

Question 22

What social costs are associated with alcohol use?

Answer 22

Domestic violence, community costs, and healthcare burdens.

Question 23

What is a biopsychosocial model of addiction?

Answer 23

A model that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in addiction.

Question 24

How can family influence the development of substance use disorders?

Answer 24

Through observed behaviors and coping mechanisms within the family.

Question 24

What is one biological factor implicated in substance use disorders?

Answer 24

Genetics and neural reward circuits.

Question 25

What is the goal of aversive conditioning in addiction treatment?

Answer 25

To create negative associations with substance use.

Question 26

Why might mindfulness be used in addiction therapy?

Answer 26

To improve self-awareness and manage distress or cravings.

Question 26

What role does "urge surfing" play in cognitive behavioral therapy?

Answer 26

It helps manage cravings by recognizing and resisting urges over time.

Question 27

What is the difference between DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria for Gaming Disorder?

Answer 27

DSM-5 requires 5/9 features, while ICD-11 requires 3 features.

Question 28

What is the focus of social/community programs in substance prevention?

Answer 28

Public health education and legal measures like drink-driving campaigns.

Question 29

What was the aim of the attentional bias modification study in binge drinking?

Answer 29

To shift alcohol associations to negative consequences to reduce binge drinking.

Question 30

What are the three approaches mentioned in harm minimization policy?

Answer 30

Control of supply, harm minimization, and decriminalization.

Question 31

Why might decriminalization be considered in substance policies?

Answer 31

To focus on health responses rather than criminalizing substance use.

Question 32

What was a key finding from the web-based cognitive training study on binge drinking?

Answer 32

Participants with attentional bias training had stronger negative associations with drinking.