Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Flashcards
What are Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders (SUADs)?
Disorders involving the use of psychoactive substances, which lead to clinical impairment or distress.
What are examples of depressants?
Alcohol and benzodiazepines.
What are the three main classes of substances often associated with SUADs?
Depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens.
What is tolerance in the context of substance use?
Needing more of a substance to achieve the same effect.
What effect do stimulants have on the central nervous system?
They increase alertness and energy.
What is withdrawal?
Physical and psychological symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance.
Give an example of a hallucinogen and its effect.
LSD, which alters sensations and perceptions.
How does the DSM-5 classify substance-related disorders?
It categorizes them under “Substance Use Disorders” with varying levels of severity.
What was a major change in substance use disorder classification from DSM-IV to DSM-5?
Substance dependence and substance abuse were merged into one category.
What is a key feature of substance use disorder according to the DSM-5?
A problematic pattern of use leading to significant impairment or distress.
What defines gambling disorder according to DSM-5?
Persistent and recurrent gambling behavior leading to distress or impairment.
Which addictive disorder was newly included in DSM-5?
Gambling disorder.
What are common effects of high caffeine intake?
Anxiety, insomnia, and loss of sustained attention.
What is Internet Gaming Disorder?
A proposed disorder characterized by compulsive gaming, recognized for further research in DSM-5.
What percentage of Australians use alcohol?
Around 77%.
Name a common stimulant that almost everyone uses.
Caffeine.
What is a psychoactive substance?
Any substance that changes neural functioning.
What trend is observed in alcohol use among younger Australians?
Younger people are drinking less and delaying their alcohol use.
What is binge drinking as defined in this document?
Consuming more than four drinks on a single occasion.
What is Foetal Alcohol Syndrome?
A condition in newborns caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy.
What health impacts does alcohol have on the body?
Liver disease, pancreatitis, cancers, cardiovascular disease, and neurological damage.
What is the purpose of Motivational Interviewing in substance treatment?
To support readiness for change in substance use.
How is tolerance defined by DSM-5 for alcohol?
Needing significantly more alcohol to achieve the same effect or experiencing a diminished effect with the same amount.
List two symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.
Autonomic hyperactivity and hand tremors.
Why might alcohol withdrawal be potentially fatal?
Severe symptoms like seizures and hallucinations can occur.
What are two risk factors for relapse in substance use?
Younger age and lack of social resources.
What is the goal of contingency management in addiction treatment?
To reward positive behaviors like clean drug tests to encourage abstinence.
Name one medication used to manage alcohol use disorder.
Naltrexone
What are some “common factors” in effective treatment for substance disorders?
Rapport, empathy, and warmth.
What type of therapy involves a “day-at-a-time” focus and support for addiction?
12-step approaches, like Alcoholics Anonymous.
Why is alcohol considered a significant health issue in Australia?
High rates of use and associated health problems like liver disease.
How does the media typically handle the topic of addiction?
It often focuses on extreme cases and may exaggerate or politicize substance use issues.
What social costs are associated with alcohol use?
Domestic violence, community costs, and healthcare burdens.
What is a biopsychosocial model of addiction?
A model that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in addiction.
How can family influence the development of substance use disorders?
Through observed behaviors and coping mechanisms within the family.
What is one biological factor implicated in substance use disorders?
Genetics and neural reward circuits.
What is the goal of aversive conditioning in addiction treatment?
To create negative associations with substance use.
Why might mindfulness be used in addiction therapy?
To improve self-awareness and manage distress or cravings.
What role does “urge surfing” play in cognitive behavioral therapy?
It helps manage cravings by recognizing and resisting urges over time.
What is the difference between DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria for Gaming Disorder?
DSM-5 requires 5/9 features, while ICD-11 requires 3 features.
What is the focus of social/community programs in substance prevention?
Public health education and legal measures like drink-driving campaigns.
What was the aim of the attentional bias modification study in binge drinking?
To shift alcohol associations to negative consequences to reduce binge drinking.
What are the three approaches mentioned in harm minimization policy?
Control of supply, harm minimization, and decriminalization.
Why might decriminalization be considered in substance policies?
To focus on health responses rather than criminalizing substance use.
What was a key finding from the web-based cognitive training study on binge drinking?
Participants with attentional bias training had stronger negative associations with drinking.
