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Psychopathology > Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders > Flashcards

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders (SUADs)?

A

Disorders involving the use of psychoactive substances, which lead to clinical impairment or distress.

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2
Q

What are examples of depressants?

A

Alcohol and benzodiazepines.

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2
Q

What are the three main classes of substances often associated with SUADs?

A

Depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens.

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3
Q

What is tolerance in the context of substance use?

A

Needing more of a substance to achieve the same effect.

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3
Q

What effect do stimulants have on the central nervous system?

A

They increase alertness and energy.

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4
Q

What is withdrawal?

A

Physical and psychological symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance.

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5
Q

Give an example of a hallucinogen and its effect.

A

LSD, which alters sensations and perceptions.

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6
Q

How does the DSM-5 classify substance-related disorders?

A

It categorizes them under “Substance Use Disorders” with varying levels of severity.

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7
Q

What was a major change in substance use disorder classification from DSM-IV to DSM-5?

A

Substance dependence and substance abuse were merged into one category.

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7
Q

What is a key feature of substance use disorder according to the DSM-5?

A

A problematic pattern of use leading to significant impairment or distress.

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7
Q

What defines gambling disorder according to DSM-5?

A

Persistent and recurrent gambling behavior leading to distress or impairment.

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8
Q

Which addictive disorder was newly included in DSM-5?

A

Gambling disorder.

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9
Q

What are common effects of high caffeine intake?

A

Anxiety, insomnia, and loss of sustained attention.

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9
Q

What is Internet Gaming Disorder?

A

A proposed disorder characterized by compulsive gaming, recognized for further research in DSM-5.

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10
Q

What percentage of Australians use alcohol?

A

Around 77%.

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10
Q

Name a common stimulant that almost everyone uses.

A

Caffeine.

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11
Q

What is a psychoactive substance?

A

Any substance that changes neural functioning.

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12
Q

What trend is observed in alcohol use among younger Australians?

A

Younger people are drinking less and delaying their alcohol use.

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12
Q

What is binge drinking as defined in this document?

A

Consuming more than four drinks on a single occasion.

13
Q

What is Foetal Alcohol Syndrome?

A

A condition in newborns caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy.

13
Q

What health impacts does alcohol have on the body?

A

Liver disease, pancreatitis, cancers, cardiovascular disease, and neurological damage.

14
Q

What is the purpose of Motivational Interviewing in substance treatment?

A

To support readiness for change in substance use.

14
Q

How is tolerance defined by DSM-5 for alcohol?

A

Needing significantly more alcohol to achieve the same effect or experiencing a diminished effect with the same amount.

15
Q

List two symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.

A

Autonomic hyperactivity and hand tremors.

16
Q

Why might alcohol withdrawal be potentially fatal?

A

Severe symptoms like seizures and hallucinations can occur.

16
Q

What are two risk factors for relapse in substance use?

A

Younger age and lack of social resources.

17
Q

What is the goal of contingency management in addiction treatment?

A

To reward positive behaviors like clean drug tests to encourage abstinence.

18
Q

Name one medication used to manage alcohol use disorder.

A

Naltrexone

19
Q

What are some “common factors” in effective treatment for substance disorders?

A

Rapport, empathy, and warmth.

20
Q

What type of therapy involves a “day-at-a-time” focus and support for addiction?

A

12-step approaches, like Alcoholics Anonymous.

21
Q

Why is alcohol considered a significant health issue in Australia?

A

High rates of use and associated health problems like liver disease.

22
Q

How does the media typically handle the topic of addiction?

A

It often focuses on extreme cases and may exaggerate or politicize substance use issues.

22
Q

What social costs are associated with alcohol use?

A

Domestic violence, community costs, and healthcare burdens.

23
Q

What is a biopsychosocial model of addiction?

A

A model that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in addiction.

24
Q

How can family influence the development of substance use disorders?

A

Through observed behaviors and coping mechanisms within the family.

24
Q

What is one biological factor implicated in substance use disorders?

A

Genetics and neural reward circuits.

25
Q

What is the goal of aversive conditioning in addiction treatment?

A

To create negative associations with substance use.

26
Q

Why might mindfulness be used in addiction therapy?

A

To improve self-awareness and manage distress or cravings.

26
Q

What role does “urge surfing” play in cognitive behavioral therapy?

A

It helps manage cravings by recognizing and resisting urges over time.

27
Q

What is the difference between DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria for Gaming Disorder?

A

DSM-5 requires 5/9 features, while ICD-11 requires 3 features.

28
Q

What is the focus of social/community programs in substance prevention?

A

Public health education and legal measures like drink-driving campaigns.

29
Q

What was the aim of the attentional bias modification study in binge drinking?

A

To shift alcohol associations to negative consequences to reduce binge drinking.

30
Q

What are the three approaches mentioned in harm minimization policy?

A

Control of supply, harm minimization, and decriminalization.

31
Q

Why might decriminalization be considered in substance policies?

A

To focus on health responses rather than criminalizing substance use.

32
Q

What was a key finding from the web-based cognitive training study on binge drinking?

A

Participants with attentional bias training had stronger negative associations with drinking.

Psychopathology (13 decks)

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