Substance Missuse

Question 1

Define substance misuse

Answer 1

The harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs

Question 2

What syndrome can substance misuse lead to?

Answer 2

Dependence

Question 3

Name the four categories of substances
Give a couple of a examples for each

Answer 3

Stimulants - tobacco, cocaine
Hallucinogens - LSD, MDMA
Depressants - alcohol, heroin
Volatile and designer

Question 4

Name some symptoms you need to be diagnosed with dependence

Answer 4

• strong desire or sense of compulsion to take it
• difficulties in controlling substance taking
• physiological withdrawal state
• evidence in tolerance
• progressive neglect of alternative pleasures or interests

Question 5

Name some drug use risk factors

Answer 5

• adverse childhood experiences
• poor mental health
• unemployment and poor educational attainment
• social group
• biology (previous positive experience of drug use)

Question 6

Name some models that aid to understand drug use

Answer 6

Moral
Disease
Psycho-dynamic
Social learning
Socio-cultural
Public health

Question 7

Describe the classical conditioning model

Answer 7

• Drug dependence arises from environmental effects paired with drug effect (i.e. positive experiences)
• Falling blood alcohol levels lead to craving and withdrawal
• A cue is or a conditional stimulus (seeing drink) causes an unconditional stimulus (like falling blood alcohol levels)

Question 8

In the imitation theory what is the social learning theory?

Answer 8

Learning through observation and listening to others

Question 9

What are three types of imitation theories

Answer 9

Modelling
Expectation
Self-efficacy

Question 10

What is the modelling imitation theory?

Answer 10

Seeing others around you use drugs increases the likelihood of you doing it

Question 11

What is the expectation imitation theory?

Answer 11

The positive reward makes drug use more likely
I.e. seeing a parent using alcohol to relax after work

Question 12

What is the self-efficacy imitation theory?

Answer 12

The ability to abstain or deal with situations

Question 13

Describe the rational choice theory of dependence

Answer 13

• dependency involves making rational choices that favours benefits of dependence over costs
• individuals are motivated by goals and wants
• if people discount the future they’re more likely to become addicted and dependent