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Behavioral Health--> Module One > Substance Disorders part 2 > Flashcards

Substance Disorders part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major stimulants?

A

Amphetamines (methamphetamine, MDMA)
Amphetamine-like drugs (methylphenidate (Ritalin))
Cocaine

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2
Q

What are the major stimulant symptoms?

A

Psychological ( MANIA, hallucinations, euphoria)
Physical ( elevated heart rate and bp ; appetite loss and insomnia; mydriasis; seizures)
(Note: increased HR can be lethal)

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3
Q

What is a key symptom of cocaine?

A

seizures

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4
Q

Cocaine and Methamphetamines, what are the key similarities?

A

both produce and intense rush followed by euphoria

both drugs are addictive

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5
Q

Cocaine and Methamephetamines, what are the key differences?

A

Duration of Effect: Meth= 12 hrs ; Cocaine= 30 min
Frequency of administration= cocaine more frequent
Physical changes with meth

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6
Q

Stimulant intoxication may mimic symptoms of what?

A

Schizophrenia and/or bipolar I (manic) episodes

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7
Q

Clinically how do you differentiate between stimulants and schizophrenia/bipolar?

A

drug screen needed (does not rule out schizophrenia/bipolar)

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8
Q

What are the key symptoms of major stimulant withdrawal?

A

Like Atypical Major Depressive Disorder

  • ->dysphoric mood (MUST BE SEEN)
  • -> fatigue and psychomotor slowing
  • -> hypersomnia with vivid unpleasant dreams
  • -> increased appetite
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9
Q

Are the major stimulant withdrawal symptoms life threatening?

A

No just uncomfortable —-> BUT THATS WHAT YOU GET!

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10
Q

Another drug stimulant is Ecstasy, referred to as a spotlight amphetamine, what are some effects?

A

stimulant effects plus mild hallucinogenic effects (perceptual alterations):
Misperception of safe drug

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11
Q

Can you use Ecstasy for psychotherapy particularly PTSD?

A

small number of patients have seen prolonged effects

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12
Q

Another drug stimulant is Bath Salts, what doe this drug contain?

A

drug containing, in part, amphetamine-like chemicals (MDPV)

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13
Q

What are the minor stimulants?

A

nicotine and caffeine

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14
Q

What are the effects of minor stimulants?

A

both nicotine and caffeine cause improved mood, increased alertness/attention and decreased appetite

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15
Q

What are key symptoms of nicotine withdrawal?

A 
Depressed mood 
insomnia and increased appetite 
irritability and anxiety 
restlessness and difficulties concentrating 
decreased heart rate
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16
Q

Why is insomnia a withdrawal symptom of nicotine which is a stimulant?

A

because nicotine is a muscle relaxant

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17
Q

What are some treatments of nicotine use disorder?

A

1) Nicotine Replacement Therapy

2) Buproprion and Varenicline –> black box warning due to suicidal and erratic behavior

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18
Q

What is considered caffeine intoxication?

A

after a dose of >250mg of caffeine

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19
Q

What are the key symptoms of caffeine intoxication?

A 
increased energy 
restlessness, insomnia
rambling thoughts 
tachycardia
diuresis and GI disturbance
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20
Q

Can you have withdrawal to caffeine?

A

of course

21
Q

Can you have a caffeine-use disorder?

A

not according to DSM-5

22
Q

What are the Hallucinogens and related substances?

A

Classic Hallucinogens: LSD/Mescaline/Psilocybin
Cannabis: Marijuana/Hashish
Dissociative Anesthetics: PCP/Ketamine

23
Q

What are hallucinogens known for?

A

perceptual altering abilities

24
Q

What are the perceptual altering abilities for the various hallucinogens?

A

Classic Hallucinogens: Hallucinations
Cannabis: Distortions
Dissociative Anesthetics: Depersonalization

25
Q

In general with hallucinogens are they mellow?

A

yes, mind calming

26
Q

With classic hallucinogens, which is the most powerful?

A

LSD

long lasting; 8-12hrs

27
Q

What are some key symptoms of LSD?

A

Visual, poorly formed hallucinations (unlike those in schizophrenia)
They see shapes and colors very vividly

28
Q

Are there withdrawal symptoms associated with LSD?

A

NO

29
Q

LSD is associated with flashback perceptual experiences long after LSD is metabolized, what is the name of this disorder?

A

Hallucination Persisting Perception Disorder

30
Q

What is the most commonly used illegal substance?

A

Cannabis

31
Q

Does one experience hallucinations when taking cannabis?

A

no

32
Q

What is the main difference between LSD and cannabis?

A

time
LSD: 8-12 hrs
Cannabis: 2-4 hrs

33
Q

In regards to Cannabis use, what is amotivational syndrome?

A

laying around smoking and not really engaging

34
Q

What are some key symptoms of Cannabis use?

A

Psychological (perceptual distortions)

Physical (increased appetite; dry mouth; conjunctival injection)

35
Q

What are some key withdrawal symptoms of Cannabis use?

A

Psychological (depressed mood, decreased appetite, sleep difficulty –> feeling agitated)
Physical ( abd. pain, shakiness, sweating, fever or headache)

36
Q

What substance level is Cannabis?

A

Schedule I substance

37
Q

One of the dissociate anesthetics is PCP what are some key symptoms of this?

A 
depersonalization 
agitation, belligerence, and confusion 
impulsivity and unpredictability 
nystagmus and hyperacusis
decreased responsiveness to pain
38
Q

What are the treatments for acute intoxication of PCP?

A

benzodiazepines or antipsychotics
reduced environmental stimulation
restraints may be needed

39
Q

Are there withdrawal symptoms associated with PCP?

A

NO

40
Q

The last class of drugs are opioids (narcotics), what is the main medical use of them?

A

Analgesia (help pain)

however does cause euphoria

41
Q

Which opioid causes the greatest euphoria?

A

Heroin

42
Q

What are some key symptoms of opioid intoxication?

A

Initial Intense Rush Followed by: euphoria and drowsiness and dysphoria
Miosis (pinpoint pupils)
Unconscious
Respiratory Depression (can be lethal)

43
Q

what is the treatment for opioid overdose?

A

Naloxone (Narcan) –> short acting opioid receptor antagonist
(acute overdose NOT opioid addiction)

44
Q

What are the opioid withdrawal symptoms (remember FLU LIKE symptoms)?

A 
dysphoria 
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
muscle aches, lacrimation and rhinorrhea
piloerection, sweating, fever 
yawning 
pupillary dilation
45
Q

Opioid Withdrawal is unpleasant but is it life threatening??

A

NOPE

46
Q

What are some treatment approaches for opioids?

A

1) Abstinence Based Theory: often involves use of naltrexone (a long acting opioid receptor blocker) to block effects if relapse occurs
2) Replacement Therapy (RT): Involves giving patient a safer opioid drug
RT tends to be more effective then abstinence

47
Q

What are the drug choices for RT?

A

1) Methadone –> schedule II opioid drug
can not be prescribed for the purpose of addiction treatment; federally regulated
2) Buprenorphine–> Schedule III opioid drug
when used for addiction can be prescribed by doctor
3) Suboxone –> buprenorphine + naloxone (only released if medication is abused)

48
Q

How long does RT usually last?

A

1-2 years

49
Q

Which drugs are potentially life threatening?

A 
Sedative intoxication (resp. depression) and Sedative withdrawal (increased HR) 
Stimulant Intoxication (increased HR) 
Opioid Intoxication (resp. depression)

Behavioral Health--> Module One (21 decks)

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