Eating Disorders Flashcards
What are the four eating disorders?
1) Anorexia Nervosa
2) Bulimia Nervosa
3) Binge-Eating Disorder
4) Unspecified Eating Disorder
What is the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa?
- Restriction of food that leads to being significantly underweight (based on BMI)
- Intense fear of weight gain –> preoccupied with body weight
- Body image disturbance –> belief of being overweight
For adults and children what is the BMI number for anorexia?
Adults –> BMI less than 17
although grey zone is between >/= 17 but around 18.5
for children 2-18 y.o –> anorexic if BMI is less than 5th percentile
There are two subtypes of Anorexia, name the two
1) Binge-eating/purging type —>binge and/or purge with laxatives or enemas
2) Restricting type –> does not binge or purge (basically starving themselves)
When do eating disorders typically start?
Adolescence
Which disorder is considered the most deadly mental disorder?
Anorexia Nervosa
again because they are simply not eating
What are some indicators of excessive thinness ?
1) Low BMI
2) Amenorrhea and loss of sex drive
3) Constipation
4) Hypothermia and Lanugo (neonatal hair)
5) Hypercholesterolemia (>300)
What are some indicators of excessive vomiting?
1) Russell’s Sign –> calloused knuckles due to use for vomiting
2) Dental Enamel Erosion
3) Chipmunk Cheeks –> salivary gland inflammation
4) Subconjunctival hemorrhage (pressure from vomiting)
5) Hypokalemia –> electrolyte imbalance
Why does someone become anorexic?
1) Psychological and Social Factors
* Weight loss is reinforced (internally and externally)
* Means of controlling one’s own life
* cultural pressures
2) Biological Factors
* genetic susceptibility (this goes beyond imitating behavior, actually inheriting biochemical alterations for obsessiveness and then environment channels the obsession)
What are the treatments for anorexia?
1) In patient hospitalization –> behavioral techniques to encourage weight gain
2) Psychotherapy –> CBT –> changing the way they think and act
3) Pharmacological –> no drug is consistently effective for anorexia
The next eating disorder is Bulimia Nervosa, what is the diagnostic criteria?
- Recurrent binge eating
- Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior for binge –> (purging or non purging)
- Binge/inappropriate compensatory behaviors must occurs >1/week for 3 months
- Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight
What is the definition of a binge?
Eating a large amount in a discrete period
Eating is out of control during the episode
Are there subtypes of Bulimia?
NO
So what is the difference between bulimia and anorexia if they both can involve binging and purging??
Weight!
Bulimics typically have normal body weight or slightly overweight
Anorexics are underweight
Can an individual be both anorexic and bulimic?
of course not
but usually have it at different times