Eating Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four eating disorders?

A

1) Anorexia Nervosa
2) Bulimia Nervosa
3) Binge-Eating Disorder
4) Unspecified Eating Disorder

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2
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa?

A
  1. Restriction of food that leads to being significantly underweight (based on BMI)
  2. Intense fear of weight gain –> preoccupied with body weight
  3. Body image disturbance –> belief of being overweight
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3
Q

For adults and children what is the BMI number for anorexia?

A

Adults –> BMI less than 17
although grey zone is between >/= 17 but around 18.5

for children 2-18 y.o –> anorexic if BMI is less than 5th percentile

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4
Q

There are two subtypes of Anorexia, name the two

A

1) Binge-eating/purging type —>binge and/or purge with laxatives or enemas
2) Restricting type –> does not binge or purge (basically starving themselves)

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5
Q

When do eating disorders typically start?

A

Adolescence

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6
Q

Which disorder is considered the most deadly mental disorder?

A

Anorexia Nervosa

again because they are simply not eating

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7
Q

What are some indicators of excessive thinness ?

A

1) Low BMI
2) Amenorrhea and loss of sex drive
3) Constipation
4) Hypothermia and Lanugo (neonatal hair)
5) Hypercholesterolemia (>300)

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8
Q

What are some indicators of excessive vomiting?

A

1) Russell’s Sign –> calloused knuckles due to use for vomiting
2) Dental Enamel Erosion
3) Chipmunk Cheeks –> salivary gland inflammation
4) Subconjunctival hemorrhage (pressure from vomiting)
5) Hypokalemia –> electrolyte imbalance

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9
Q

Why does someone become anorexic?

A

1) Psychological and Social Factors
* Weight loss is reinforced (internally and externally)
* Means of controlling one’s own life
* cultural pressures
2) Biological Factors
* genetic susceptibility (this goes beyond imitating behavior, actually inheriting biochemical alterations for obsessiveness and then environment channels the obsession)

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10
Q

What are the treatments for anorexia?

A

1) In patient hospitalization –> behavioral techniques to encourage weight gain
2) Psychotherapy –> CBT –> changing the way they think and act
3) Pharmacological –> no drug is consistently effective for anorexia

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11
Q

The next eating disorder is Bulimia Nervosa, what is the diagnostic criteria?

A
  1. Recurrent binge eating
  2. Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior for binge –> (purging or non purging)
  3. Binge/inappropriate compensatory behaviors must occurs >1/week for 3 months
  4. Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight
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12
Q

What is the definition of a binge?

A

Eating a large amount in a discrete period

Eating is out of control during the episode

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13
Q

Are there subtypes of Bulimia?

A

NO

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14
Q

So what is the difference between bulimia and anorexia if they both can involve binging and purging??

A

Weight!
Bulimics typically have normal body weight or slightly overweight
Anorexics are underweight

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15
Q

Can an individual be both anorexic and bulimic?

A

of course not

but usually have it at different times

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16
Q

What are the etiology factors for bulimia?

A

Psychological and Societal Factors

Biological Factors

17
Q

What are treatments for Bulimia?

A

Patient usually initiates treatment
outpatient based
CBT
Antidepressant medications may be useful in adjunct

18
Q

Do bulimics or anorexics have greater motivation to change?

A

Bulimics

19
Q

The next eating disorder is Binge Eating Disorder (BED), what is the diagnostic criteria?

A
  1. Binge Eating –> at least 1/week for 3 months
  2. Binging is associated with behaviors such as: rapid eating, eating until uncomfortably full
  3. No inappropriate compensatory behavior
20
Q

Is BED associated with obesity?

A

yes (BMI >- 30)

21
Q

What are the treatments for BED?

A

CBT

Antidepressants

22
Q

What are the SCOFF questions?

A
S: Sick ( induce vomiting?)
C: Control ( lose control?)
O: (1 stone weight loss in 3 months?) 14.4 lbs or 6.5kg
F: FAT ( believe fat?) 
F: Food ( food dominates?)

yes to >/= 2 of these suggests an eating problem

23
Q

What is an unspecified eating disorder?

A

subclinical eating problems (ex. normal weight but purging)