Mental Disorders in the Developmental Period

Question 1

What are the four neurodevelopment disorders?

Answer 1

1) Intellectual disability
2) Autism Spectrum Disorder
3) Specific Learning Disorder
4) Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Question 2

The first neurodevelopment disorder is intellectual disorder (intellectual development disorder). What are some features of this disorder?

Answer 2

1) Deficits in intellectual functions
2) Deficits in adaptive functioning
3) There are different levels of severity based on adaptive functioning (mild, moderate, severe and profound)

Question 3

The second neurodevelopment disorder is autism spectrum disorder. What are some features of this disorder?

Answer 3

1) Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction
2) Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior

Question 4

In general what are the levels of severity for autism?

Answer 4

Level 1 –> some support needed
Level 2 –> Substantial support needed
Level 3 –>Very substantial support needed

Question 5

What disorders are included in the autism spectrum?

Answer 5

Autistic Disorder

Pervasive Development Disorders (Aspergers, Retts, childhood disintegrative)

Question 6

The third neurodevelopment disorder is specific learning disorder. What are some features of this disorder?

Answer 6

1) Difficulty learning and using academic skills

2) NOT a intellect difficulty just learning a specific skill

Question 7

The fourth neurodevelopment disorder is attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). What are some features of this disorder?

Answer 7

1) Inattention –> lack of attention to details, difficulty in remaining focused, may seem not to be listening, lack of follow through
or
2) Hyperactivity and Impulsivity –> Fidgets, squirms in seat, leaves seat, when being seated is expected, runs about, inappropriately, talk excessively, etc.

Question 8

Some hyperactive-impulsive or inattentive symptoms that caused impairment in ADHD were present before what age?

Answer 8

12 years old

Question 9

Some impairment from the symptoms is present in how many settings in ADHD?

Answer 9

two or more settings

Question 10

In order to diagnose ADHD, there must be clear evidence of clinically significant…?

Answer 10

Impairment in social, academic or occupational functioning

Question 11

Finally symptoms in ADHD do not occur exclusively during the course of what?

Answer 11

another mental disorder

Question 12

What are the two anxiety disorders?

Answer 12

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Selective Mutism

Question 13

In separation anxiety disorder, what are some feature of this?

Answer 13

1) Recurrent excessive distress
2) Persistent and excessive worrying about experiencing separation
3) Persistent and excessive worrying about losing attachment figures
4) Persistent reluctance or refusal to leave home
5) Persistent and excessive fear or reluctance about being along
6) Persistent reluctance or refusal to sleep away from home
7) Repeated nightmares

Question 14

In selective mutism what are some features?

Answer 14

Failure to speak in specific social situations

remember this is anxiety related not language related

Question 15

The two disorders in the trauma/stressor category that are most likely to occur during developmental period are precipitated by what?

Answer 15

NEGLECT

Question 16

What are the two trauma/stressor related disorders?

Answer 16

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

Question 17

The first disorder in trauma/stressor is reactive attachment disorder. what are some features

Answer 17

Manifested by BOTH:

1) Child rarely or minimally seeks comfort when distressed
2) Child rarely or minimally responds to comfort when distressed.

Question 18

The second disorder in the trauma/stressor is disinhibited social engagement disorder. what are some features?

Answer 18

Child approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults and exhibits at least 2 of the following:

1) Reduced or absent reticence in approaching unfamiliar adults
2) Overly familiar verbal or physical behavior
3) Reduced or absent checking back with adult caregiver after venturing away
4) Willingness to go off with an unfamiliar adult with minimal or not hesitation.

Question 19

What are the three disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders?

Answer 19

1) Intermittent Explosive Disorder
2) Oppositional Defiant Disorder
3) Conduct Disorder

Question 20

Disorders in the disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders involve problems in the self control of what?

Answer 20

emotions and behaviors

Question 21

The first disorder of the disruptive, impulse control and conduct disorder is intermittent explosive disorder. what are some features?

Answer 21

Recurrent behavioral outbursts manifested by either:

1) verbal aggression or physical aggression toward property, animals or persons.
2) three behavioral outbursts involving damage to property or injury to animals or persons.

Question 22

In intermittent explosive disorder what is the onset of age?

Answer 22

most common in late childhood, and persists for many years

Question 23

The second disorder of the disruptive, impulse control and conduct disorder is oppositional defiant disorder. what are some features?

Answer 23

pattern of:

1) angry/irritable
2) argumentative/defiant
3) vindictiveness

Question 24

How do you determine when a pattern exists in children with oppositional defiant disorder?

Answer 24

persistency and frequency

Question 25

The third disorder of the disruptive, impulse control and conduct disorder is conduct disorder. what are some features?

Answer 25

basic rights of others or major age appropriate societal norms are violated

Question 26

can an adult be diagnosed with conduct disorder?

Answer 26

yes, if antisocial personality does not fit

Question 27

Oppositional Defiant Disorder is a common precursor to what disorder?

Answer 27

conduct disorder, childhood onset

Question 28

Does every child with oppositional defiant disorder develop conduct disorder?

Answer 28

of course not

Question 29

Lastly what are the two elimination disorders?

Answer 29

Enuresis

Encopresis

Question 30

The first disorder in the elimination disorder is enuresis. what are some features?

Answer 30

repeated voiding of urine into bed or clothes

Question 31

The second disorder in the elimination disorder is encopresis. what are some features?

Answer 31

repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places