Substance Abuse Disorders

Question 1

DSM V categorizes substances to include?

Answer 1

stimulants, depressants, opiates, hallucinogenics, cannabis, caffeine, nicotine, steroids, inhalants

Question 2

what were substance use disorders classified as in the DSM IV?

Answer 2

Formerly Abuse and Dependence disorder

Question 3

how does the DSM V define substance use disorder?

Answer 3

Pattern of sx’s resulting from continual use despite experiencing problems

Question 4

what are substance related disorders?

Answer 4

co-morbid conditions

Question 5

what are the 11 symptoms of substance use disorder?

Answer 5

1. Larger/Longer
2. Persistent desire to cut-down
3. lot of time spent getting, using, or recovering
4. Cravings
5. Failure to fulfill a major role
6. Continued use despite problems caused by effects of substance
7. Important activities are abandoned
8. Recurrent use in hazardous situations
9. use despite knowing psychological and physical problems
10. Tolerance
11. Withdrawal

Question 6

how are substance use disorders categorized?

Answer 6

Mild: two or three sx’s
Moderate: four or five sx’s
Severe: six or more sx’s

Question 7

how can substance use disorder be modified?

Answer 7

“Early Remission”
“Sustained Remission”
“On Maintenance Therapy”
“In a controlled Environment”

Question 8

what are examples of substance induced disorders?

Answer 8

Psychosis
Bipolar Disorder
Depressive Disorder
Anxiety Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Sleep Disorder
Sexual Dysfunction
Delirium
Neurocognitive Disorder

Question 9

how does comorbidity occur?

Answer 9

Substance use disorders are heightened by these disorders and these disorders can be heightened by substance use disorder

Question 10

what are at-risk populations from substance use disorders?

Answer 10

Psychiatric disorders/mental health

Adolescents

Question 11

what disorders have a high prevalence of substance use disorder?

Answer 11

schizophrenia, anxiety disorder, mood disorder, bipolar disorder

Question 12

why do people with psychiatric conditions use substances?

Answer 12

To cope with mental illness
To self-medicate
To avoid stigma of having diagnosis
To have something to do
To feel normal, like part of society
To overcome victim status by seeking challenge or excitement

Question 13

what substances to disorders use to self medicate?

Answer 13

Alcohol-Panic disorder
Opioids-anger disorder
Amphetamines-depression

Question 14

how does learning and conditioning cause substance use disorder?

Answer 14

Reinforcer: limbic/Nucleus Accumbens/VTA

Brain-reward circuitry: DA, GABA, Opioids

Question 15

what are the paths of etiology for substance use disorder?

Answer 15

self medication
learning + conditioning
genetics

Question 16

what population has higher rates of use + use disorders?

Answer 16

Adolescents/young adults

Question 17

when do addictive disorders often have their onset?

Answer 17

in adolescence/young adulthood

Question 18

what does Earlier onset of substance use predict?

Answer 18

greater addiction severity and morbidity

Question 19

By 12th grade in the US, adolescents have used substances AT SOME POINT?

Answer 19

80% -- alcohol
63% -- tobacco
49% -- marijuana
16% -- amphetamines
9% -- cocaine

Question 20

what are the Neurocognitive Deficits of Chronic Heavy Alcohol Users?

Answer 20

Abstract reasoning
Cognitive flexibility
Response inhibition
Memory
New learning
Visuospatial abilities 
Verbal skills

Question 21

what are the tx options for substance use disorder?

Answer 21

Cognitive-Behavioral
Relapse prevention
Coping and skills therapies
Twelve step facilitation therapy
Individual therapy
Motivational Enhancement therapy
Group Psychotherapy

Question 22

what are the stages of change?

Answer 22

Precontemplation
Contemplation 
Preparation 
Action 
Maintenance