Substance Abuse Disorders Flashcards
DSM V categorizes substances to include?
stimulants, depressants, opiates, hallucinogenics, cannabis, caffeine, nicotine, steroids, inhalants
what were substance use disorders classified as in the DSM IV?
Formerly Abuse and Dependence disorder
how does the DSM V define substance use disorder?
Pattern of sx’s resulting from continual use despite experiencing problems
what are substance related disorders?
co-morbid conditions
what are the 11 symptoms of substance use disorder?
- Larger/Longer
- Persistent desire to cut-down
- lot of time spent getting, using, or recovering
- Cravings
- Failure to fulfill a major role
- Continued use despite problems caused by effects of substance
- Important activities are abandoned
- Recurrent use in hazardous situations
- use despite knowing psychological and physical problems
- Tolerance
- Withdrawal
how are substance use disorders categorized?
Mild: two or three sx’s
Moderate: four or five sx’s
Severe: six or more sx’s
how can substance use disorder be modified?
“Early Remission”
“Sustained Remission”
“On Maintenance Therapy”
“In a controlled Environment”
what are examples of substance induced disorders?
Psychosis Bipolar Disorder Depressive Disorder Anxiety Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Sleep Disorder Sexual Dysfunction Delirium Neurocognitive Disorder
how does comorbidity occur?
Substance use disorders are heightened by these disorders and these disorders can be heightened by substance use disorder
what are at-risk populations from substance use disorders?
Psychiatric disorders/mental health
Adolescents
what disorders have a high prevalence of substance use disorder?
schizophrenia, anxiety disorder, mood disorder, bipolar disorder
why do people with psychiatric conditions use substances?
To cope with mental illness To self-medicate To avoid stigma of having diagnosis To have something to do To feel normal, like part of society To overcome victim status by seeking challenge or excitement
what substances to disorders use to self medicate?
Alcohol-Panic disorder
Opioids-anger disorder
Amphetamines-depression
how does learning and conditioning cause substance use disorder?
Reinforcer: limbic/Nucleus Accumbens/VTA
Brain-reward circuitry: DA, GABA, Opioids
what are the paths of etiology for substance use disorder?
self medication
learning + conditioning
genetics
what population has higher rates of use + use disorders?
Adolescents/young adults
when do addictive disorders often have their onset?
in adolescence/young adulthood
what does Earlier onset of substance use predict?
greater addiction severity and morbidity
By 12th grade in the US, adolescents have used substances AT SOME POINT?
80% -- alcohol 63% -- tobacco 49% -- marijuana 16% -- amphetamines 9% -- cocaine
what are the Neurocognitive Deficits of Chronic Heavy Alcohol Users?
Abstract reasoning Cognitive flexibility Response inhibition Memory New learning Visuospatial abilities Verbal skills
what are the tx options for substance use disorder?
Cognitive-Behavioral Relapse prevention Coping and skills therapies Twelve step facilitation therapy Individual therapy Motivational Enhancement therapy Group Psychotherapy
what are the stages of change?
Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
