Personality Disorders Flashcards
What is a personality disorder?
Chronic pattern of inner experience and behaviors that deviates from cultural expectations
what are the areas personality disorders affect?
must affect 2 or more of cognition (perception of self or others) Affectivity (range, intensity, ability) Interpersonal Functioning Impulse Control
what are characteristics of personality disorders?
Inflexibility and pervasive
Long duration
onset in adolescence.
Difficult to tx
what is a hallmark sign of personality disorders?
Negatively affect relationships and work
don’t see interpersonal problems as their fault and blame others
what are the genetic factors?
individuals with personality disorders are more likely to have relatives with the same or from the same cluster
what are the biological factors?
impulsivity: higher testosterone
borderline PD: overactive amygdala, underactive prefrontal cortex
what are the environmental factors?
abuse, physical and sexual, neglect
what are the cluster A disorders?
Paranoid
Schizoid
Odd, eccentric, discomfort in social sit., Emo., Distant, Isolative, distrustful, Suspicious
What are the cluster B disorders>
Histrionic Narcissistic Borderline Antisocial Dramatic, erratic expression of emotion, maladaptive interpersonal relationships. Disregard of the right of others
what are the cluster C disorders?
Avoidant Dependent Obsessive/Compulsive Fearful of rejection, anxious, Need to be taken care of,perfectionism
key traits of paranoid PD?
Distrust and suspiciousness of others
Interpretation of others’ motives as malevolent
Hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
key traits of schizoid PD?
Detachment from social relationships Restricted range of emotional expression
key traits of schizotypal PD?
Discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships
Cognitive and perceptual distortions
Magical thinking (thoughts can change things in environment)
Eccentricities of behavior
key traits of antisocial PD?
Disregard for the rights of others
Violation of the rights of others
cant be diagnosed prior to 15 years old. Must have Conduct disorder prior to ASPD
key traits of borderline PD?
Instability of relationships
Instability of self-image
Instability of affect
Marked impulsivity
key traits of Histrionic PD?
Excessive emotionality
Attention seeking
key traits of narcissistic PD?
Grandiosity in fantasy or behavior
Need for admiration
Lack of empathy
key traits of avoidant PD?
Social Inhibition
Feelings of inadequacy
Hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
key traits of dependent PD?
Excessive need to be taken care of Submissive and clinging behavior
Fears of separation
key traits of obsessive-compulsive PD?
Preoccupation w/orderliness/perfection
Preoccupation w/ mental and Interpersonal control
Restricted flexibility, openness, and efficiency
what are the challenges of Borderline PD?
Most commonly diagnosed PD among patients in treatment
High rates of suicidal or other self-harm behaviors, and of hostile behaviors
High rates of drop-out or treatment failure
what is the prevalence and look of Borderline PD?
1-2% of general population
Twice common in women than in men
Makes impulsive actions, and has an unstable mood and chaotic relationships
what are the signs of Borderline PD?
Intense + unstable relationships
swing from love to hate
Avoid real or imagined abandonment.
Impulsive in areas of self-harm, i.e. drug use, drinking, and other risk-taking behaviors, reckless driving, binge eating
Boderline PD diagnostic criteria?
- Impulsivity in 2 or more (spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating)
- Recurrent suicidal behavior or self-mutilating
- Instable affect (hours)
- Chronic feelings of emptiness
- Inappropriate, intense anger
- Transient paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms
