Schizophrenia

Question 1

what is the typical onset of schizophrenia?

Answer 1

Adolescence - Early adulthood

Question 2

what is schizophrenia a leading cause of?

Answer 2

chronic disability among 15-44 years age group

Question 3

what are the difference between men and women who have schizophrenia?

Answer 3

Effects sexes equally but onset is younger for men than women

Question 4

what is the DSM 5 characteristics of schizophrenia?

Answer 4

> 2 for 1 month
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech
Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
Negative symptoms (affect, alogia, avolition)

Question 5

what is the DSM 5 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia?

Answer 5

1. Social/occupational dysfunction
2. Overall duration > 6 months
3. No Schizoaffective Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder with Psychotic features.
4. Not due to a substance or medical condition.
5. Can be co-diagnosed with ASD or Communication disorder with delusions or hallucinations

Question 6

what are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 6

Delusions - fixed false beliefs

Hallucinations - perceptions without external stimuli

Question 7

what are types of delusions?

Answer 7

delusions of persecutions
delusions of grandeur
Delusions of being controlled

Question 8

what are types of hallucinations?

Answer 8

contributes to delusions
command hallucinations
synesthesia (Altered state of body)

Question 9

what are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 9

Affective Flattening
Alogia (speech)
Avolition-Apathy (Poor hygiene)
Anhedonia-Asociality

Question 10

what are disorganized behaviors & affect symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 10

behavior is inappropriate for the situation
Affect(emotion) is inappropriately expressed
catatonic behavior

Question 11

what is overinclusion speech?

Answer 11

jumping from idea to idea without the benefit of logical association

Question 12

what is paralogic speech?

Answer 12

on the surface, seems logical, but seriously flawed

Question 13

what constitutes the paranoid subtype of shizophrenia?

Answer 13

delusions of persecution

delusions of grandeur

Question 14

what is the catatonic subtype of schizophrenia?

Answer 14

unresponsive to surroundings, purposeless movement, parrot-like speech

Question 15

what is the disorganized subtype of schizophrenia?

Answer 15

delusions and hallucinations with little meaning

disorganized speech, behavior, and flat affect

Question 16

what is the undifferentiated subtype of schizophrenia?

Answer 16

unclear if they fit into another subtype

Question 17

what is the prognosis for schizophrenia?

Answer 17

1/3 good prognosis
1/3 intermediate prognosis
1/3 poor prognosis

many homeless

Question 18

what are the etiologies of schizophrenia?

Answer 18

Genetics 
Disrupted Neurotransmitters
-Dopamine & Glutamate
Neurodevelopmental Disorder
-Disruptive neuro pathways that can function until stressor

Question 19

what is the neurotransmitter mechanisms of schizophrenia?

Answer 19

Dopamine hyperactivity in mesolimbic pathways

Amphetamines ( ↑DA release) induce schizophrenia-like psychosis
Antipsychotics (↑ D2 receptor blockade) ameliorates psychotic sxs

Question 20

what is the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizo?

Answer 20

Early genetic events lead to disruption of in-utero brain development
resulting neuropathology interacts with later events of brain development (e.g. apoptosis and synaptic pruning) and/or other pathogenic events (e.g. stress, head injury).
leading to abnormal brain fx, and expression of sys of schizophrenia in early adulthood

Question 21

what are the comorbidities of schizophrenia?

Answer 21

many will will abuse drugs – amphetamines, cocaine, cannabis, alcohol, nicotine dependent

Question 22

what are schizophrenia related disorders?

Answer 22

Schizophreniform
Schizoaffective Disorder
Schizoid Personality
Schizotypal Personality

Question 23

what are schizophreniform signs?

Answer 23

2 or more
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized Speech
Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
Negative symptoms (affect, alogia, avolition)

Question 24

what is the difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform?

Answer 24

1 month to 6 months of sys

Impaired functioning not required

Question 25

what is schizoaffective disorder?

Answer 25

mood disorder concurrent with criteria A (schizophrenia)

Delusions or hallucinations for 2 weeks without mood disorder