Schizophrenia Flashcards
what is the typical onset of schizophrenia?
Adolescence - Early adulthood
what is schizophrenia a leading cause of?
chronic disability among 15-44 years age group
what are the difference between men and women who have schizophrenia?
Effects sexes equally but onset is younger for men than women
what is the DSM 5 characteristics of schizophrenia?
> 2 for 1 month
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech
Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
Negative symptoms (affect, alogia, avolition)
what is the DSM 5 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia?
- Social/occupational dysfunction
- Overall duration > 6 months
- No Schizoaffective Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder with Psychotic features.
- Not due to a substance or medical condition.
- Can be co-diagnosed with ASD or Communication disorder with delusions or hallucinations
what are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Delusions - fixed false beliefs
Hallucinations - perceptions without external stimuli
what are types of delusions?
delusions of persecutions
delusions of grandeur
Delusions of being controlled
what are types of hallucinations?
contributes to delusions
command hallucinations
synesthesia (Altered state of body)
what are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Affective Flattening
Alogia (speech)
Avolition-Apathy (Poor hygiene)
Anhedonia-Asociality
what are disorganized behaviors & affect symptoms of schizophrenia?
behavior is inappropriate for the situation
Affect(emotion) is inappropriately expressed
catatonic behavior
what is overinclusion speech?
jumping from idea to idea without the benefit of logical association
what is paralogic speech?
on the surface, seems logical, but seriously flawed
what constitutes the paranoid subtype of shizophrenia?
delusions of persecution
delusions of grandeur
what is the catatonic subtype of schizophrenia?
unresponsive to surroundings, purposeless movement, parrot-like speech
what is the disorganized subtype of schizophrenia?
delusions and hallucinations with little meaning
disorganized speech, behavior, and flat affect
what is the undifferentiated subtype of schizophrenia?
unclear if they fit into another subtype
what is the prognosis for schizophrenia?
1/3 good prognosis
1/3 intermediate prognosis
1/3 poor prognosis
many homeless
what are the etiologies of schizophrenia?
Genetics Disrupted Neurotransmitters -Dopamine & Glutamate Neurodevelopmental Disorder -Disruptive neuro pathways that can function until stressor
what is the neurotransmitter mechanisms of schizophrenia?
Dopamine hyperactivity in mesolimbic pathways
Amphetamines ( ↑DA release) induce schizophrenia-like psychosis
Antipsychotics (↑ D2 receptor blockade) ameliorates psychotic sxs
what is the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizo?
Early genetic events lead to disruption of in-utero brain development
resulting neuropathology interacts with later events of brain development (e.g. apoptosis and synaptic pruning) and/or other pathogenic events (e.g. stress, head injury).
leading to abnormal brain fx, and expression of sys of schizophrenia in early adulthood
what are the comorbidities of schizophrenia?
many will will abuse drugs – amphetamines, cocaine, cannabis, alcohol, nicotine dependent
what are schizophrenia related disorders?
Schizophreniform
Schizoaffective Disorder
Schizoid Personality
Schizotypal Personality
what are schizophreniform signs?
2 or more
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized Speech
Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
Negative symptoms (affect, alogia, avolition)
what is the difference between schizophrenia and schizophreniform?
1 month to 6 months of sys
Impaired functioning not required
