Substance Abuse and Withdrawal Flashcards
decreased appetite
increase BP and HR
increased GI activity
increased alertness and attention
caffeine or nicotine use
lethargy
mild depression of mood
increased appetite
headache
caffeine or nicotine withdrawal
significant elevation of mood
increased alertness and attention
aggressiveness
psychotic symptoms
loss of appetite
pupil dilation
increased energy
seizures
reddening of nose
hypersexuality
amphetamines or cocaine use
significant depression of mood
strong psychological craving
irritability
hunger
pupil constriction
amphetamines or cocaine withdrawal
what substance class is medically indicated in the treatment of ADHD and narcolepsy, and sometimes depression
amphetamines
“speed, ice, and ecstasy” are street names for what class of drugs
amphetamines
freebase is a smokable form of what substance class
cocaine
hyperactivity and growth retardation are seen in newborns of mothers who used what drug class in pregnancy
cocaine
tactile hallucinations (ex: bugs crawling on skin) are seen with use of what substance class
cocaine
stimulants work by increasing the availability of what neurotransmitter
dopamine
what is the effect of amphetamine on dopamine
causes the release of dopamine, increasing its availability
what is the effect of cocaine on dopamine
blocks the reuptake of dopamine
mild elevation of mood
decreased anxiety
somnolence
sedation
poor coordination
respiratory depression
alcohol, benzodiazepines, or barbiturate usage
mild depression of mood
increased anxiety
insomnia
psychotic symptoms (ex: delusions)
disorientation
tremor
seizure
cardiovascular symptoms (tachycardia/hypertension)
alcohol, barbiturate, or benzodiazepine withdrawal
legal intoxication is defined as __%-__% blood alcohol concentration
0.08-.15
what is the timeline for alcohol withdrawal delirium
may occur during the first week of withdrawal from alcohol and usually occurs in patients who have been drinking heavily for at least 5 years
what is a common use of barbiturates
sleeping pills
what is a high risk of barbiturate usage
low safety margin- can cause respiratory depression
what are 2 medical uses of benzodiazepines
tranquilizers
alcohol withdrawal treatment
do benzodiazepines or barbiturates have a higher safety marigin
benzodiazepines
what drug can reverse the effects of benzodiazepine in case of overdose
Flumazenil
what class of substances includes agents used medically as analgesics
narcotics or opioids
*elevation of mood
relaxation
sedation
*analgesia
*respiratory depression
constipation
*pupil constriction
heroin, methadone, or other opioid use
depression of mood
anxiety
insomnia
flu like symptoms (sweating, rhinorrhea, piloerection)
stomach cramps/diarrhea
pupil dilation
heroin, methadone, or other opioid withdrawal
compared to medically used opioids such as morphine and methadone, abused opioids such as heroin have what 3 characteristics
more potent
more euphoric action
cross BBB quicker
is death from barbiturate or opioid withdrawal more likely to occur
barbiturate
what are 2 synthetic opioids used to treat heroin addiction
methadone
buprenorphine
Cannabis, LSD, PCP, and special K (ketamine) are all what class of substance
hallucinogens
increased availability of what neurotransmitter is associated with the effects of some hallucinogens
sertonin
altered perception
elevation of mood
reduced attention span
flashbacks
sweating
Cannabis, LSD, PCP, or special K (ketamine) use
(hallucinogens)
nystagmus is associated with the use of __
PCP
chronic users of __ experience lung problems and a decrease in motivation
marijuana
what is K2/spice
synthetic cannabinoids sprayed on plant material to be smoked or sold as liquid to be vaoprized and inhaled in e-cigarettes
between LSD and PCP, which is ingested, which is smoked
LSD= ingested
PCP= smoked
are episodes of violent behavior seen with LSD or PCP use
PCP
what is the immediate treatment for stimulants (caffeine/amphetamines)
benzodiazepines to decrease agitation
antipsychotics
what drug can be used to stabilize the autonomic nervous system during withdrawal of opioids such as heroin and methadone
clonidine
elevated mood
self confidence
sensory sensitivity
feeling of empathy and closeness
decreased appetite
ecstacy (MDMA) use
what club drug accounts for the greatest hospital admissions
methamphetamine (speed)
most deaths attributed to “liquid ecstasy” have been from ___
respiratory depression
what is the most frequently used date rape drug
alcohol
what type of drug is krocodil (desmomorphine)
opioid derivative of codeine
