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Final Exam-Extra Material > Substance Abuse > Flashcards

Substance Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

How is substance abuse defined?

A

The use of any chemical in a fashion inconsistent with medical or culturally defined social normals despite physical, psychological, or social adverse effects.

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2
Q

When does substance dependence occur?

A

When the individual can no longer control the use of the substance, continues to use despite adverse effects, and experiences withdrawal symptoms without continued use of substance.

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3
Q

What happens during kindling?

A

Long-term changes in brain neurotransmission that occurs after repeated detoxifications. Neuron sensitivity increases.

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4
Q

What occurs when neuron sensitivity increases due to substance abuse kindling?

A

Cravings for the substance increases with repeated detoxifications.

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5
Q

Why does substance abuse occur?

A

Due to humans seeking pleasure to avoid stress and pain

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6
Q

What are the risk factors of substance abuse?

A
  • Male
  • Loneliness, depression, low self-esteem
  • Family history of addiction
  • Peer pressure
  • Presence of mental illness
  • Lack of family involvement
  • Using highly addictive drugs
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7
Q

What should you do as a nurse to keep clients safe is they are substance abusers?

A
  • Do not ignore poor performance
  • Do not lighten or change the nurses’ client assignment
  • Do not accept excuses
  • Do not allow yourself to be manipulated or fear confronting a nurse if client safety is in jeopardy.
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8
Q

Why are nurses at high risk for substance abuse?

A

Frequent contact with drugs

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9
Q

What do clinical manifestations depend on?

A

Amount
Frequency
Specific combinations of substances used

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10
Q

What does caffeine increase?

A

Heart rate and other negative cardiac effects

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11
Q

What does caffeine act as?

A

A diuretic

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12
Q

How many milligrams of caffeine is considered excessive?

A

600mg

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13
Q

If caffeine is combined with alcohol what is increased?

A

Accidental injuries

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14
Q

If caffeine addiction occurs what can result from abrupt withdrawal?

A

Headaches and irritability

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15
Q

What can cantabile act like?

A

Opioids causing a release of endogenous endorphins and dopamine

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16
Q

Based on the dose of cannabis what can it effect?

A

Respiratory system
Reproductive system
Birth defects

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17
Q

What does cannabis cause?

A

Sedation and hallucinations

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18
Q

Amotivational behaviors result from what?

A

Chronic long-term use of cannabis

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19
Q

What drug classes are considered CNS depressants?

A
  • Barbiturates
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Paraldehyde
  • Meprobamate
  • Chloral hydrate
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20
Q

Cross dependence and cross tolerance occurs with all what?

A

CNS depressants

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21
Q

Barbiturates cause what upon accidental overdose?

A

Mild sedation to sleep to coma to death

22
Q

Benzodiazepines are safer to do what?

A

They are safer to overdose on because they are less likely to cause death.

23
Q

What causes cocaine and amphetamines to be so addictive?

A

The production of a euphoria type feeling.

24
Q

Why does cocaine and amphetamines cause spontaneous abortion or fetal addiction?

A

Because it crosses the placenta

25
Q

What are the mild symptoms of cocaine overdose?

A

Agitation
Tremor
Blurred vision

26
Q

What are the severe symptoms of cocaine overdose?

A 
Hyperpyrexia
Convulsions
Severe hypertension
Dysrhythmias
MI
CVA
27
Q

What does amphetamines cause?

A

Arousal and elevation of mood

28
Q

What does chronic use of Methamphetamine cause?

A 
Paranoia
Hallucinations
Compulsions
Delusions
Psychosis
29
Q

True or False:

Methamphetamine is often taking by itself.

A

False:

It is often taken in combination with other drugs

30
Q

What drugs are considered opiates?

A 
Morphine
Meperidine
Codeine
Hydrocodone
Oxycodone
31
Q

What are the problematic physiological effects of opiate use?

A

Hyperalgesia
Hypogonadism
Sexual dysfunction

32
Q

What are the symptom of withdrawal from opiates?

A 
Craving
Lacrimation
Rhinorrhea
Yawning
Diaphoresis
33
Q

What is used as an effective medical intervention for a client under the influence of PCP?

A

Haloperidol

34
Q

How do patients on PCP act?

A

Often violent and difficult to control

35
Q

What does LSD effect?

A

Serotonin receptors throughout the brain

36
Q

Does LSD have withdrawal symptoms?

A

No

37
Q

What happens when someone is on LSD?

A

Tripping
Psychological effects
Flashbacks are common

38
Q

What is considered an inhalant?

A

Anesthetics
Volatile nitrates
Organic solvents

39
Q

Abusing inhalant can cause what?

A

Brain damage or sudden death with the first or 100th use.

40
Q

Patient who abuse inhalants tend to have higher rates of what?

A

Mental health issues

41
Q

What are the common organic solvents used as inhalants?

A

Gasoline
Nail polish remover
Lighter fluid
Paint thinner

42
Q

What happens if a patient overdoses on an inhalant?

A

There is only supportive treatment due to no antidote

43
Q

The effects of inhalants are similar to what?

A

Alcohol

44
Q

What are the therapies used in treating a patient with substance abuse?

A 
Detox
Aversion therapy
Group psychotherapy
Meds
CBT
Family counseling
Self-help groups
45
Q

What are the diagnostic tests used to determine substance abuse?

A 
Blood
Urine
Saliva
Hair 
Sweat
46
Q

What emergency care is used for a patient undergoing an overdose?

A

Treatment for respiratory depression
Seizures
Coma

47
Q

What is important to do on assessment of a patient with substance abuse problems?

A
  • Nonjudgemental atmosphere to promote trust and respect
  • Health promotion efforts
  • Comprehensive approach
  • History of past substance use
  • Medical, psychiatric history
  • Psychosocial issues
48
Q

What are the nursing diagnoses used in patients with substance abuse?

A
  • Risk for injury
  • Risk for violence
  • Ineffective denial
  • Ineffective Coping
  • Chronic or Situational Low Self-Esteem
  • Deficient Knowledge
  • Disturbed Sensory Perceptions
  • Disturbed thought processes
  • Imbalanced nutrition
49
Q

What are the short term goals for a patient with substance abuse problems?

A
  • Admit having a problem
  • Will seek help to stop using substance
  • Will suffer no complications of drug withdrawal
  • Will enter drug rehab program to change behavior
50
Q

What are the long term goals for a patient with substance abuse problems?

A
  • Will explore impact of addiction
  • Will described, recognize use of denial
  • Will change thinking and behavior
  • Will regularly attend support group
  • Will remain free of substance and maintain sobriety
51
Q

What should the nurse implement with a substance abuse patient?

A
  • Promote safety
  • Promote adherence to treatment
  • Promote healthy coping skills
  • Promote adequate nutrition
  • Promote healthy self-esteem
  • Provide client education
  • Promote client safety during withdrawal.
52
Q

What should be included in the evaluation of a client with a substance abuse problem?

A
  • Suffers no complication from withdrawal
  • Admits problem with substance abuse
  • Seeks help
  • Enters substance abuse program
  • Can described choices that contributed to substance abuse
  • Attends daily support group meetings
  • Remains substance free

Final Exam-Extra Material (7 decks)

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