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Final Exam-Extra Material > ETOH abuse > Flashcards

ETOH abuse Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most commonly used and abused substance in the U.S?

A

Alcohol

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2
Q

The following factors influence the development and manifestations of alcoholism.

A

Genetic
Psychosocial
Environmental

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3
Q

What does Alcohol depress?

A

CNS function

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4
Q

Alcohol create an addictive effect where?

A

in the GABA neurotransmitter

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5
Q

Alcohol decreases what?

A

Neuronal excitability

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6
Q

Alcohol inhibits what?

A

glutamate

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7
Q

What effects the rate of alcohol metabolism and absorption?

A

Body mass, food intake, and liver function

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8
Q

What is the most common dual dignosis/dual disorder?

A

Co-occuring substance abuse and psychiatric illness

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9
Q

How many deaths per year occur due to alcoholism?

A

100,000

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10
Q

How many of the nation’s adult population consumes alcohol regularly?

A

two thirds

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11
Q

What is the estimated amount of Americans that have an alcohol use disorder or abuse alcohol?

A

18 million

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12
Q

What is the estimated number of underage drinkers?

A

9.7 million

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13
Q

What are the risk factors of alcohol abuse?

A 
Genetic phenotypes
Biological factors
Sociocultural 
Developmental considerations
Children of alcoholics (COAs)
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14
Q

What type of manifestations are there if alcohol is used in moderation?

A

Positive effects:

Decreases coronary artery disease and protects against stroke

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15
Q

What happens when alcohol is consumed in excess?

A

Diminishes ability to function

Can be life threatening

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16
Q

Chronic alcohol abuse tends to result in what?

A

Severe liver damage

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17
Q

What is a complication of chronic alcohol abuse?

A

Malnutrition

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18
Q

What are the severe manifestation of alcohol withdrawal?

A

Seizures
Convulsions
DTs

19
Q

Chronic alcohol abuse results in what?

A

Production of tolerance
Disruption of sleep
Increases risk of alcohol withdrawal

20
Q

Malnutrition from chronic alcohol abuse can cause what?

A

Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis

21
Q

Alcohol abuse results in what types of toxic effects?

A

Multisystem

22
Q

What GI toxic effects are created due to chronic alcohol abuse?

A 
Esophageal varices
Pancreatitis
GERD
Gastritis
Decreased appetite
Nutritional deficiencies
23
Q

What 3 things can happen to the liver due to chronic alcohol abuse?

A

Cirrhosis
Fatty liver
Cancer

24
Q

What cardiovascular effects are created due to alcohol abuse?

A

CAD
Hypertension
Arrhythmias

25
Q

What respiratory effect could happen due to alcohol abuse?

A

Pneumonia

26
Q

What hematological effect could occur due to alcohol abuse?

A

bone marrow depression

27
Q

What neurological effect could occur due to alcohol abuse?

A

Black outs
Dementia
Seizures
Labile moods

28
Q

What endocrine effects could occur due to alcohol abuse?

A

Hyperglycemia

Decreased thyroid

29
Q

What reproductive effects could occur due to alcohol abuse?

A

Menstrual

Decreased sex drive

30
Q

When does alcohol withdrawal syndrome typically begin?

A

6-8 hours after the last drink

31
Q

What are the symptoms of Alcohol withdrawal syndrome?

A

Irritability
Insomnia
tremors
Sweating

32
Q

When does Alcohol withdrawal delirium usually occur?

A

Days 2 and 3 after the last drink

33
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Alcohol withdrawal delirium?

A
  • Confusion
  • Hallucinations
  • Tachycardia
  • Hyper or hypotension
  • Diaphoresis
  • Fever
  • Extreme tremors
34
Q

What are the symptoms of overdosing on alcohol?

A 
Nausea and Vomiting
Lack of coordination
Slurred speech
Staggering
Disorientation
Irritability, labile emotions
Poor judgment
Lack of inhibition
Unconsciousness
35
Q

What are the diagnostic tests for alcohol abuse?

A

Breathalyzer and blood alcohol level

36
Q

What are the collaboration treatments for withdrawal from alcohol?

A

Symptomatic and to minimize adverse outcomes

Medications

37
Q

What are the complementary and alternative therapies used for treating alcoholism?

A

EEG biofeedback

Yoga

38
Q

What is the main health promotion for alcohol use?

A

Prevention of alcohol use in children and adolescence

39
Q

What are the challenges for nurses revolving around alcohol abuse?

A

Intoxicated client
Impaired senses
Increased risk-taking behaviors

40
Q

What assessment should be made for a client who has suspected alcohol abuse?

A

Past alcohol and substance abuse
Medical history
Screening tools (MAST; CAGE questionnaire)

41
Q

What are the Nursing Diagnoses for alcohol abuse?

A
  • Risk for injury
  • Risk for violence
  • Ineffective Coping
  • Imbalanced Nutrition
  • Chronic or Situation Low Self-Esteem
  • Deficient knowledge
  • Disturbed Sensory Perception
  • Disturbed though processess
42
Q

What are the goal you should have for a patient with alcohol abuse?

A
  • Client will admit alcohol controlling his or her life
  • Client will agree to enter an alcohol treatment facility
  • Client will experience no complication as a result of alcohol abuse or alcohol withdrawal.
  • Client will obtain optimal nutritional status
  • Client will remain sober
  • Client will participate in support groups such as AA after discharge from treatment facility
43
Q

What implementations need to be done for a client with alcohol abuse?

A
  • Promote safety
  • Promote participation in treatment
  • Promote healthy coping skills
  • Promote adequate nutrition
  • Promote healthy self-esteem
  • Provide client education
  • Promote safety during withdrawal.
44
Q

Upon evaluation of a client with alcohol abuse what should you expect?

A
  • Client controls anxiety to tolerable level
  • Client displays new coping mechanisms
  • Client experiences no complications
  • Client accepts responsibility of how behavior impacts family unit

Final Exam-Extra Material (7 decks)

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