ETOH abuse Flashcards
What is the most commonly used and abused substance in the U.S?
Alcohol
The following factors influence the development and manifestations of alcoholism.
Genetic
Psychosocial
Environmental
What does Alcohol depress?
CNS function
Alcohol create an addictive effect where?
in the GABA neurotransmitter
Alcohol decreases what?
Neuronal excitability
Alcohol inhibits what?
glutamate
What effects the rate of alcohol metabolism and absorption?
Body mass, food intake, and liver function
What is the most common dual dignosis/dual disorder?
Co-occuring substance abuse and psychiatric illness
How many deaths per year occur due to alcoholism?
100,000
How many of the nation’s adult population consumes alcohol regularly?
two thirds
What is the estimated amount of Americans that have an alcohol use disorder or abuse alcohol?
18 million
What is the estimated number of underage drinkers?
9.7 million
What are the risk factors of alcohol abuse?
Genetic phenotypes Biological factors Sociocultural Developmental considerations Children of alcoholics (COAs)
What type of manifestations are there if alcohol is used in moderation?
Positive effects:
Decreases coronary artery disease and protects against stroke
What happens when alcohol is consumed in excess?
Diminishes ability to function
Can be life threatening
Chronic alcohol abuse tends to result in what?
Severe liver damage
What is a complication of chronic alcohol abuse?
Malnutrition
What are the severe manifestation of alcohol withdrawal?
Seizures
Convulsions
DTs
Chronic alcohol abuse results in what?
Production of tolerance
Disruption of sleep
Increases risk of alcohol withdrawal
Malnutrition from chronic alcohol abuse can cause what?
Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis
Alcohol abuse results in what types of toxic effects?
Multisystem
What GI toxic effects are created due to chronic alcohol abuse?
Esophageal varices Pancreatitis GERD Gastritis Decreased appetite Nutritional deficiencies
What 3 things can happen to the liver due to chronic alcohol abuse?
Cirrhosis
Fatty liver
Cancer
What cardiovascular effects are created due to alcohol abuse?
CAD
Hypertension
Arrhythmias
What respiratory effect could happen due to alcohol abuse?
Pneumonia
What hematological effect could occur due to alcohol abuse?
bone marrow depression
What neurological effect could occur due to alcohol abuse?
Black outs
Dementia
Seizures
Labile moods
What endocrine effects could occur due to alcohol abuse?
Hyperglycemia
Decreased thyroid
What reproductive effects could occur due to alcohol abuse?
Menstrual
Decreased sex drive
When does alcohol withdrawal syndrome typically begin?
6-8 hours after the last drink
What are the symptoms of Alcohol withdrawal syndrome?
Irritability
Insomnia
tremors
Sweating
When does Alcohol withdrawal delirium usually occur?
Days 2 and 3 after the last drink
What are the clinical manifestations of Alcohol withdrawal delirium?
- Confusion
- Hallucinations
- Tachycardia
- Hyper or hypotension
- Diaphoresis
- Fever
- Extreme tremors
What are the symptoms of overdosing on alcohol?
Nausea and Vomiting Lack of coordination Slurred speech Staggering Disorientation Irritability, labile emotions Poor judgment Lack of inhibition Unconsciousness
What are the diagnostic tests for alcohol abuse?
Breathalyzer and blood alcohol level
What are the collaboration treatments for withdrawal from alcohol?
Symptomatic and to minimize adverse outcomes
Medications
What are the complementary and alternative therapies used for treating alcoholism?
EEG biofeedback
Yoga
What is the main health promotion for alcohol use?
Prevention of alcohol use in children and adolescence
What are the challenges for nurses revolving around alcohol abuse?
Intoxicated client
Impaired senses
Increased risk-taking behaviors
What assessment should be made for a client who has suspected alcohol abuse?
Past alcohol and substance abuse
Medical history
Screening tools (MAST; CAGE questionnaire)
What are the Nursing Diagnoses for alcohol abuse?
- Risk for injury
- Risk for violence
- Ineffective Coping
- Imbalanced Nutrition
- Chronic or Situation Low Self-Esteem
- Deficient knowledge
- Disturbed Sensory Perception
- Disturbed though processess
What are the goal you should have for a patient with alcohol abuse?
- Client will admit alcohol controlling his or her life
- Client will agree to enter an alcohol treatment facility
- Client will experience no complication as a result of alcohol abuse or alcohol withdrawal.
- Client will obtain optimal nutritional status
- Client will remain sober
- Client will participate in support groups such as AA after discharge from treatment facility
What implementations need to be done for a client with alcohol abuse?
- Promote safety
- Promote participation in treatment
- Promote healthy coping skills
- Promote adequate nutrition
- Promote healthy self-esteem
- Provide client education
- Promote safety during withdrawal.
Upon evaluation of a client with alcohol abuse what should you expect?
- Client controls anxiety to tolerable level
- Client displays new coping mechanisms
- Client experiences no complications
- Client accepts responsibility of how behavior impacts family unit
