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Final Exam-Extra Material > Drugs for Final > Flashcards

Drugs for Final Flashcards

1
Q

What class does Alendronate belong to?

A

Biphosphate

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2
Q

What does Alendronate do?

A

Blocks bone breakdown and increased BMD.

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3
Q

What are the adverse effects of Alendronate?

A 
Heart attack
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Metallic taste
Esophageal erosion
Dental issues
Femoral fracture
Myalgia
Hypocalcemia
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4
Q

What drugs interact with Alendronate?

A

MVI, iron, antacids, calcium all need to be given separately.
Avoid Aspirin

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5
Q

What do you need to educate you patient on if they are given Alendronate?

A

Take with a full glass of water on empty stomach in the morning and stay sitting for 30 minutes.

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6
Q

What class does Atorvastatin belong to?

A

Statin

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7
Q

What is the action of Atorvastatin?

A

HMG CoA reductase inhibitor

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8
Q

What is Atorvastatin the drug of choice for and why?

A

Reducing LDL levels

They interfere with the synthesis of cholesterol working at the cellular level

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9
Q

What is the contraindication for Atorvastatin?

A

Active liver disease or history of alcoholic liver disease

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10
Q

What should you monitor in a patient who is on Atorvastatin?

A

Liver function tests

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11
Q

What are the adverse effects of Atorvastatin?

A 
Heart attack
Dizziness 
Blurred vision
Insomnia
 Fatigue
Cataracts
Flatulence
Abdominal pain
Cramps
Nausea
Vomiting
Constipation
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12
Q

What is the main adverse effect you need to watch for in a patient on Atorvastatin?

A

Rabdomylosis- muscle pain

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13
Q

What should you educate your patient on if they are taking Atorvastatin?

A

NO grapefruit juice

Take in the morning

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14
Q

What class does Cholestyramine belong to?

A

Bile acid sequestrant

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15
Q

What is the method of action for Cholestyramine?

A

Binds to bile acids in intestine allows excretion in feces instead of reabsorption- causes cholesterol to be iodized in liver and levels to fall

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16
Q

True or false:

Cholestyramine is absorbed systemically.

A

False:

It is not and is excreted in feces.

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17
Q

What is contraindicated for Cholestyramine?

A

Complete biliary abstraction, abnormal intestinal function.

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18
Q

What are the adverse effects of Cholestyramine?

A 
Heart attack
Fatigue
Drowsiness
Nausea
Constipation
INCREASED BLEEDING TIMES
Vitamin A and E deficiencies.
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19
Q

What drugs should you not give if the patient is on Chloestyramine?

A 
Thiazide diuretic
Digoxin
Warfarin
thyroid hormones
Corticosteroids
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20
Q

What should you educate your patient on if they are on Chloestyramine?

A

Don’t take with meals.
2 hours before or after meals of other meds.
Do not mix with carbonated beverages.

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21
Q

What class does Hydrochlorothiazide belong to?

A

Thiazide diuretic

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22
Q

What is the action for Hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Block the chloride pump. Keeps chloride and sodium in the tubule to be excreted in urine and prevents reabsorption of both into the vascular system.

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23
Q

What is the contraindication for hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Allergy to sulfonamides and bipolar disorder.

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24
Q

What are the adverse effects for Hydrochlorothiazide?

A 
Decreased calcium excretion
Dizzy
Vertigo
Orthostatic Hypotension
Vomiting
Anorexia
Dry mouth
Diarrhea
Polyuria
Nocturia
Muscle cramps or spasms
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25
Q

What can Hydrochlorothiazide cause?

A

Hyperglycemia

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26
Q

What class does Metoprolol belong to?

A

Beta blocker

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27
Q

What does Metoprolol do?

A

Blocks the stimulator effects of the SNS decreasing cardiac output and renin release

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28
Q

What is the use for Metoprolol?

A

Treatment of stable angina and hypertension, prevents reinfarction in MI patients and treats stable CHF.

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29
Q

What are the contraindications for Metoprolol?

A

Bradycardia, heart block, cardiogenic shock, asthma, COPD.

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30
Q

What diagnoses should make you use caution when giving Metoprolol?

A

Diabetes and PVD.

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31
Q

What are the adverse effects of Metoprolol?

A

Related to the blockage of SNS (CHF, decreased CO, Arrhythmias, dizziness, fatigue, emotional depression, bonchospasm).

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32
Q

What should you not give with Metoprolol?

A

Clonidine

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33
Q

What may intensify the effect of beta blockers?

A

Calcium channel blockers like Diltiazem.

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34
Q

What class does Diltiazem belong to?

A

Calcium channel blocker

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35
Q

What is Diltiazem used for?

A

Prinzmentals angina

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36
Q

What is the action of Diltiazem?

A

Inhibits the movement of calcium ions across the membranes of myocardial and arterial muscle cells altering the action potential and blocks contractions.

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37
Q

What diagnoses are contraindicated for use of Diltiazem?

A

heart block
Sick sinus syndrome
renal or hepatic dysfunction

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38
Q

What are the adverse effects of Diltiazem?

A

Cardiac arrhthmia
GI upset
Skin reaction

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39
Q

What should you NOT use with Diltiazem?

A

Grapefruit juice

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40
Q

What class does Exenatide belong to?

A

Incretin-enhancer GLP-1 Agonist.

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41
Q

What does Exenatide do?

A

Increases insulin release and decreases glucagon release. Slows gastric emptying and increases satiety.

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42
Q

When should you NOT give Exenatide?

A 
NPO patient
Gastroparesis
Pregnant or child
Renal impairment
After a meal
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43
Q

When should you give Exenatide and how?

A

60minutes of morning and evening meals- SQ

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44
Q

What class does Fluoxetine belong to?

A

SSRI

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45
Q

What does Fluoxetine do?

A

Inhibits CNS reuptake of serotonin. Little effect on norepinephrine.

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46
Q

What is Fluoxetine used for?

A 
Depression
OCD
Panic attacks
Bulemia
PTSD
MCDD
Social phobia
Anxiety
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47
Q

When is Fluoxetine contraindicated for use?

A 
Impaired renal/hepatic function
Cardiac disease
Diabetes
Severe depression
Suicidal patient
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48
Q

What are the adverse effects of Fluoxetine?

A 
Heart attack
Drowsiness
Insomnia
Anxiety
Tremor
Chest Pain
Agitation
Sexual Dysfunction
Palpitation
Increased appetite
Hyponatremia
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49
Q

What are the special considerations for Fluoxetine?

A

Serotonin syndrome and do not stop abruptly

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50
Q

What is serotonin syndrome?

A

When given with other drugs that increase serotonin. Increased HR and BP, agitation, sweating, hyperthermia, CV collapse, coma, seizures.

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51
Q

What class does Glyburide belong to?

A

Sulfonylurea

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52
Q

What does Glyburide do?

A

Stimulates insulin release and improves insulin binding to receptors.

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53
Q

What is contraindicated for Glyburide?

A

Trauma
Surgery
CV disease
Diabetes type 1

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54
Q

What are the adverse effects of Glyburide?

A

Hypoglycemia
GI upset
Cardiovascular upset

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55
Q

What interacts with Glyburide?

A 
Beta blockers
Garlic
Alcohol
Anticoagulants
Ginseng
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56
Q

What class does Digoxin belong to?

A

Cardiac glycoside

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57
Q

What does Digoxin do?

A

Produces an inotropic effect- increasing strength of contraction with increased cardiac output.
Negative chronotropic effect- slowing the heart by decreasing conduction velocity.

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58
Q

What should you check before administering Digoxin?

A

Apical pulse for 1 full minute

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59
Q

What is Digoxin used for?

A

CHF, Afib, Atrial flutter, other SVT.

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60
Q

When is Digoxin indicated for use?

A

Heart block
Renal insufficiency
Hypocalcemia

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61
Q

If you are giving Digoxin via IVP how long should you push it for?

A

Slowly over 5 minutes

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62
Q

What should you check every 6 months if you are on Digoxin?

A

Serum levels

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63
Q

What is the reversal drug for Digoxin?

A

Digoxin immune fab

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64
Q

When should you notify your doctor that something isn’t right when taking Digoxin?

A

A weight gain of over 2 pounds a day

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65
Q

What class does Escitalopram belong to?

A

SSRI

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66
Q

What does Escitalopram do?

A

Increases availability of serotonin at specific postsynaptic receptor sites within the CNS.

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67
Q

What is Escitalopram used for”?

A

Generalized anxiety and depression

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68
Q

What are the adverse effects for Escitalopram?

A 
Dizziness
Nausea
Insomnia
Somnolence
Confusion
Seizures
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69
Q

What class does Sertraline belong to?

A

SSRI

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70
Q

What does Sertraline do?

A

Inhibits serotonin reuptake

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71
Q

What does Sertraline treat?

A 
Depression
OCD
Anxiety
Panic
Social anxiety
PMDD
PTSD
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72
Q

Do not take Sertraline when?

A

Taking MAOIs or within 14 days of taking an MAOI

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73
Q

When is the use of Sertraline contraindicated?

A

Hyponatremia

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74
Q

What are the adverse effects of Sertraline?

A 
Suicidal ideation
Seizure
Agitation
Insomnia
Heart attack
Dizziness
Somnolence
Fatigue
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75
Q

What should you monitor when a patient is on Sertraline?

A

Suicidal ideation and worsening depression

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76
Q

What is Protamine sulfate used for?

A

antidote for heparin

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77
Q

What class does Furosemide long to?

A

Loop diuretic

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78
Q

What does Furosemide do?

A

Blocks the chloride pump in the ascending loop of Henley. Causing reabsorption of sodium and chloride.

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79
Q

What are the adverse effects of Furosemide?

A 
Dizziness
Vertigo
Paresthesias
Orthostatic hypotension
Rash
Uricaria
Nausea
Anorexia
Vomiting
Glycosuria
Urinary bladder spasm
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80
Q

What should you report when giving Furosemide?

A

Tinnitus

Decreased urine output

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81
Q

When can you not take Furosemide?

A

IF they are allergic to sulfonamide

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82
Q

What does Furosemide mask?

A

S&S of hypoglycemia

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83
Q

When pushing Furosemide what should you make sure you should do?

A

PUSH SLOW

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84
Q

What class does Prednisone belong to?

A

Systemic Corticosteroid

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85
Q

What does Prednisone do?

A

Suppresses histamine and prostaglandins. Immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory.

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86
Q

What should you teach your patient when they are prescribed Prednisone?

A

Take with food
Do NOT stop abruptly
Causes hyperglycemia
Can mask infections

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87
Q

What are the contraindications for use of Prednisone?

A 
Systemic infection
Cataracts
Peptic ulcer
Osteoporosis
HTN
Renal disease
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88
Q

What are the adverse effects of Prednisone?

A 
Suppresses adrenal gland function
Hyperglycemia
Cushing syndrome in long term use
Mood changes
Cataracts
Peptic ulcers
Hypokalemia
Osteoporosis
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89
Q

What class does Nitroglycerin belong to?

A

Nitrate

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90
Q

What does Nitroglycerin do?

A

Acts directly on smooth muscle to cause relaxation and depress muscle tone.

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91
Q

What is Nitroglycerin used for?

A

Prevention and treatment of angina pectoris atacks

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92
Q

When should you NOT give Nitroglycerin?

A

Cases of severe anemia
Head trauma
Cerebral Hemorrhage
If patient is anemic

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93
Q

When should caution be used after administering Nitroglycerin?

A

In hypotension, hypovolemia, and any condition limiting CO.

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94
Q

What should you check when administering Nitroglycerin?

A

BP- if too low do not give

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95
Q

What are the Adverse effects of Nitroglycerin?

A 
Heart attack
Dizziness
Nausea
Vomiting
Hypotension
Flushing
Increased perspiration
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96
Q

What are the drugs that interact with Nitroglycerin?

A

Ergot derivatives and heparin

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97
Q

What class does Imipramine belong to?

A

TCA

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98
Q

What is Imipramine used for?

A

Treatment of depression, enuresis and neuropathic pain

99
Q

When is Imipramine contraindicated for use?

A 
Cardiovascular disease
Recent MI
Liver dysfunction
Angle closure glaucoma
Urinary retention 
History of seizures
Manic depression
Pregnancy
100
Q

What are the adverse effects of Imipramine?

A

Orthostatic hypotension
Arrythmias
Sedation
Bone marrow suppression

101
Q

What drugs interact with Imipramine?

A 
St John's Worst
CNS depressants
Antihypertensives
Oral anticoagulants
Sympathomimetics
SSRIs
102
Q

What should you educate your patient about with Imipramine?

A 
Slowly change position
No alcohol use
Do not drive until effect is known.
Take at bedtime if sedation occurs
Avoid strong sunlight
103
Q

When does a therapeutic effect occur in Imipramine?

A

2-6 weeks of use.

104
Q

What class does Raloxifene belong to?

A

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator

105
Q

What does Raloxifene do?

A
  • Decrease bone reabsorption.
  • Increase bone mass and density in postmenopausal women.
  • Reduce vertebral fracture
  • Decrease cholesterol and LDL.
106
Q

What are the adverse effects of Raloxifene?

A 
Hot flashes
Migraines
Flu like symtoms
Endometrial disorder
Breast pain
Vaginal bleeding
107
Q

When is Raloxifene contraindicated for use?

A

Pregnancy

History of DVT

108
Q

What class does Guaifenesin belong to?

A

Expectorant

109
Q

What is Guaifenesin used for?

A

Relief of dry nonproductive cough and mucous in the respiratory tract.

110
Q

What does Guaifenesin cause?

A

Output of respiratory tract fluid.

111
Q

What are the adverse effects of Guaifenesin?

A 
Nausea
Vomiting
Heart Attack
Dizziness
Rash
112
Q

Prolonged use of Guaifenesin causes what?

A

Masking of an underlying disorder

113
Q

What class does Metformin belong to?

A

Biguanides

114
Q

What does Metformin do?

A

Decreased hepatic production of glucose.

115
Q

When is Metformin used?

A

For reduced insulin resistance

116
Q

What does Metformin NOT do?

A

Promote insulin release and does not often cause hypoglycemia

117
Q

What are the adverse effects of Metformin?

A 
Nausea and vomiting
Metallic taste
Anorexia
Flatulence
Heart Attack 
Fatigue
118
Q

What can Metformin cause that is rare but fatal?

A

Lactic acidosis.

119
Q

What are the contraindications for use of Metformin?

A

Alcoholism
Cardiopulmonary insufficiency
Serious infection
Being under 10 years old.

120
Q

When should you withhold Metformin and how long should you hold it for?

A

40 hours before and after contrast dye.

121
Q

What three drugs increase the risk of hypoglycemia when using Metformin?

A

Catopril
Furosemide
Nifedipine

122
Q

What three drugs decrease elimination of Metformin?

A

Digoxin
Morphine
Vancomycin

123
Q

What class does Warfarin belong to?

A

Anticoagulant

124
Q

What is the antidote for Warfarin?

A

FFP and Vitamin K

125
Q

What labs need to be tested for Warfarin?

A

PT/ INR

126
Q

What is the pregnancy category for warfarin?

A

X

127
Q

What is the onset for warfarin?

A

2-7 days

128
Q

What is crucial patient education for warfarin?

A

Consistent diet to maintain therapeutic INR

Be careful with food and drug interactions.

129
Q

What class does Sitagliptin belong to?

A

Incretin Enhancer DPP-4 Inhibitor

130
Q

What does Sitagliptin do?

A

Slows breakdown of GLP-1 which increases insulin secretion and decreases glucagon secretion and slows GI emptying

131
Q

When taking Sitagliptin how do meals play in administration?

A

They do not. If taken orally you can take regardless of meal times.

132
Q

What are the adverse effects of Sitagliptin?

A 
Pancreatitis
Heart Attack
Nausea 
Vomiting
Diarrhea
URI
133
Q

What may Sitagliptin increase?

A

Digoxin levels

134
Q

What class does Captopril belong to?

A

ACE inhibitor

135
Q

When is Captopril contraindicated for use?

A

With impaired renal function

136
Q

What are the adverse effects of Captopril?

A 
Related to vasodilation- 
Heart Attack, MI
GI irritation (ulcers)
Renal insufficiency
Non-productive cough
Increase in Potassium levels
Fluid loss
137
Q

What drug does Captopril interact with?

A

Allopurinol

138
Q

What class does Heparin belong to?

A

Anticoagulant

139
Q

What is the antidote for Heparin?

A

Protamine Sulfate

140
Q

What labs are associated with Heparin?

A

PTT and aPTT

141
Q

What does Heparin do?

A

Disrupts the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

142
Q

What is Heparin used for?

A

The prophylaxis and treatment of DVT and PE

143
Q

What class does Enoxaparin belong to?

A

Anticoagulant

144
Q

What is Enoxaparin also known as?

A

Low Molecular Weight Heparin

145
Q

What does Enoxaparin do?

A

Inhibits thrombus and clot formation by blocking factors Xa and Iia.

146
Q

What is Enoxaparin often used?

A

It has fewer systematic adverse reactions

147
Q

Why is Enoxaparin used in conjunction with chemo?

A

It blocks the process that allows cancer cells to develop new vessels.

148
Q

What is the antidote for Enoxaparin?

A

Protamine Sulfate

149
Q

What class does Omeprazole belong to?

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor

150
Q

Omeprazole is the drug of choice for what?

A

Severe GERD

151
Q

What does Omeprazole do?

A

Reduces acid secretion by binding irreversibly to an enzyme H1, K1- ATPase.

152
Q

What is Omeprazole used for?

A

Treatment of peptic ulcers and GERD.

153
Q

How long is Omeprazole used for?

A

2-6 months

154
Q

What are the adverse effects of Omeprazole?

A 
Heart attack
Nausea
Diarrhea
Rash
Abdominal pain
155
Q

Long term use of Omeprazole increases what?

A

Risk of gastric cancer and hip fracture

156
Q

What class does Aspirin belong to?

A

Antiplatelet

157
Q

What does Aspirin do?

A

Alters formation of platelet plug and reduces inflammation

158
Q

What are the adverse effects of Aspirin?

A

Heart burn
Abdominal pain
Ulceration
Tinnitus

159
Q

What is the contraindication for Aspirin?

A

Increased intracranial pressure or intracranial bleeding.
Bleeding disorders
Alcoholism

160
Q

What class does Losartan belong to?

A

Angiotensin II receptor blocker

161
Q

What does Losartan do?

A

Selectively blocks binding of angiotensin II to specific tissue receptors on vascular smooth muscle

162
Q

What drug does Losartan interact with?

A

Phenobarbital

163
Q

What class does Clarithromycin belong to?

A

Macrolide

164
Q

Why is Clarithromycin used to treat peptic ulcers?

A

It is acid resistant and does not dissolve in the stomach so it can treat H. Pylori

165
Q

For treating a peptic ulcer- When should the patient take Clarithromycin?

A

BID (twice a day)

166
Q

For a peptic ulcer- is Clarithromycin the only drug used?

A

No- it is used in a combination with other drugs

167
Q

What does Clarithromycin do?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding bacterial ribosome.

168
Q

What is Clarithromycin effective at treating?

A

Gram positive bacteria

169
Q

What are adverse effects of Clarithromycin?

A 
Nausea
Abdominal cramping
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Superinfection
Resistance
170
Q

What class does Amoxicillin belong to?

A

Penicillin

171
Q

Amoxicillin is used with what to treat peptic ulcers?

A

In conjunction with Clarithromycin and tetracycline for H. Pylori

172
Q

How does Amoxicillin work?

A

By disrupting bacteria cell walls allowing water to enter.

173
Q

What type of bacteria is Amoxicillin most effective on?

A

Gram positive bacteria

174
Q

What are the adverse effects of Amoxicillin?

A

Resistance

low RBC, WBC, platelet counts

175
Q

What class does Tetracycline belong to?

A

Tetracycline

176
Q

What is Tetracycline effective against?

A

Broad range of gram positive and gram negative organisms

177
Q

How does Tetracycline work?

A

It inhibits protein synthesis

178
Q

Why is Tetracycline only a drug of choice for a few bacterium?

A

Due to increased resistant strains

179
Q

What are the adverse effects of Tetracycline?

A 
Superinfections
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Discoloration of teeth
Photosensitivty
180
Q

What class does Metronidazole belong to?

A

Antiprotozoal drugs

181
Q

How does Metronidazole work?

A

With antiprotozoal and antibiotic activity against anaerobic bacteria- specifically amoebas

182
Q

What are the adverse effects of Metronidazole?

A 
Anorexia
Nausea
Diarrhea
Dizziness
Heart attack
Dry mouth
Metallic taste
183
Q

What type of reaction may occur due to Metronidazole?

A

Disulfum reaction

184
Q

What should you NOT use when taking Metronidazole?

A

Alcohol

185
Q

Vitamin K is that antidote for what?

A

Warfarin

186
Q

What class does Timolol belong to?

A

Beta-Adrenergic Antagonist

187
Q

When using Timolol orally h0w is it prescribed?

A

As a mono therapy or in combination with thiazide diuretic

188
Q

What is Timolol used for?

A

Treatment of GLAUCOMA To prevent reinfarction after MI and to treat mild hypertension

189
Q

What are the adverse effects of Timolol?

A 
Fatigue
Headache
Bradycardia
Depression
Hypotension
Dyspepsia
Nausea
190
Q

What is Timolol associated with?

A

Exacerbation of angina and MI when abruptly discontinued.

191
Q

What should you assess if a patient is on Timolol?

A

Heart rate and Blood pressure before administration and at regular intervals after administration.

192
Q

What class does Methadone belong to?

A

Narcotic analgesic

193
Q

What schedule does Methadone belong to?

A

Schedule II

194
Q

What is Methadone used for?

A

Treatment of severe pain

195
Q

What are the adverse effects of Methadone?

A

Constipation and respiratory depression

196
Q

What can Grapefruit cause in a patient who takes Methadone?

A

Increased serum levels and adverse effects.

197
Q

What should you not take while on Methadone?

A

Other CNS depressants

198
Q

What should you monitor on a patient who has taken Methadone?

A

Respiratory function

199
Q

What is Methadone associated with?

A

Abuse
Respiratory depression
QT prolongation

200
Q

What class does Thiamine belong to?

A

Vitamin B1

201
Q

What is Thiamine used for?

A

Treatment and prophylaxis of thiamine deficiency

202
Q

What are the adverse effects of Thiamine?

A

Anaphylaxis and cardiovascular collapse

203
Q

What education is important to teach when giving a patient Thiamine?

A

The pill must be swallowed WHOLE. NEVER crushed.

204
Q

what class does Disulfiram belong to?

A

Anti-alcohol agent

205
Q

What is Disulfiram used in adjunction with?

A

Treatment of the patient with chronic alcoholism who seriously wants to maintain sobriety.

206
Q

What are the adverse effects of disulfiram?

A 
Hypotension to shock level arrhythmias
Acute congestion failure
Respiratory depression
Unconsciousness
Convulsions
Sudden death
207
Q

Who should Disulfiram not be given to?

A

Anyone in a state of alcohol intoxication or without a patients full knowledge.

208
Q

What is Dantrolene used for?

A

Antidote for malignant hyperthermia

209
Q

What class does Memantine belong to?

A

Receptor Antagonist/ Antidementia

210
Q

What is Memantine used for?

A

Moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease

211
Q

What are the adverse effects of Memantine?

A 
Dizziness
Headache
Confusion
Pain
Flu-like symptoms
212
Q

What class does Donepezil belong to?

A

Central acting cholinergic- therapeutic antidementia

213
Q

What is Donepezil used to treat?

A

Mild, moderate, or severe dementia/Alzheimers.

214
Q

What are the adverse effects of Donepezil?

A 
Headache
Insomnia
Nausea
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Muscle cramps
Anorexia
215
Q

What should you monitor for with a patient on Donepezil?

A

S&S of GI ulceration and bleeding

216
Q

In patients taking Donepezil what should you monitor for?

A

Patients with asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease. And monitor cardiovascular status

217
Q

What class does Lisinopril belong to?

A

Antihypertensive

218
Q

What should you monitor for when a patient is taking Lisinopril?

A

Monitor drug effect for several hours or until BP is stabilized for at least an additional hour after.

219
Q

What are the adverse effects of Lisinopril?

A

Dizziness
Hypotension
Chest pain
Nausea

220
Q

What may Lisinopril increase?

A

Lithium levels and toxicity

221
Q

What has Lisinopril been associated with?

A

Fetal injury and death

222
Q

If hypotension occurs within the first 1-5 hours after the first administration of Lisinopril what should you do?

A

Place the patient in a supine position and notify prescriber

223
Q

What class does Gemfibrozil belong to?

A

Quinolone antibiotic

224
Q

What is Gemfibrozil a treatment for?

A

Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and mild to moderate community acquired pneumonia.

225
Q

What should you monitor in patients who are talking Gemfibrozil?

A

Cardiac Status

226
Q

Gemfibrozil increases the risk of what?

A

Tendinitis, tendon rupture, and exacerbation of muscle weakness in those with MG

227
Q

Where is Calcitonin found in?

A

Salmon

228
Q

What does Calcitonin from salmon do?

A

Increases bone density by inhibiting bone resorption and opposing effects of PTH lowering serum calcium.

229
Q

How is Calcitonin administered?

A

Nasal Spray or SQ

230
Q

What is Calcitonin from salmon used for?

A

Osteoporosis, Paget’s, emergency treatment of hypercalcemia.

231
Q

What are the adverse effects of Calcitonin?

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Flushing
Hypocalcemia

232
Q

Where is Calcitonin secreted from?

A

Thyroid gland

233
Q

What does Calcitonin do?

A

Stimulates bone deposition, removes calcium from blood, and helps control homeostasis.

234
Q

Where does Calcitonin target?

A

Bones
Kidneys
GI tract

235
Q

What two hormones control Calcium homeostasis?

A

Calcitonin and Parathyroid Hormone

236
Q

Where is PTH stimulated from?

A

Parathyroid

237
Q

What does PTH do?

A

Stimulates osteoclasts and accelerates bone resorption, increases GI absorption of calcium. Increases calcium in blood

238
Q

Calcitriol is the active form of what?

A

Vitamin D

239
Q

What is Calcitriol used for?

A

Management of hypocalcemia

240
Q

What are the adverse effects of Calcitriol?

A 
Heart attack
Weakness
Nausea
Vomiting
Constipation
241
Q

What interacts with Calcitriol?

A

Cholestyramine

242
Q

What should you monitor for when a patient is taking Calcitriol?

A

Liver and renal function
Magnesium levels
Calcium and phosphate levels.

243
Q

Thiamine is used to treat this disease that causes a deficiency in thiamine.

A

Alcoholism

Final Exam-Extra Material (7 decks)

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