Substance Abuse 1 Flashcards by Henry Aguiar

Screening questions for substance can be made with the acronym_______

CAGE
or
CARFFT

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CAGE meaning and criteria

Cut down need
Anger
Guilty
Eye opener * 
for men, a score of >=2 is a positive screen; for women, a score of >=1 is a positive screen

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CRAFFT meaning

Car, use
Relax, use to....
Alone
Friends, lossing..l
Forget, 
Trouble

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Nemonic for substance abuse psychotherapy

FRAMES

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meaning of FRAMES

Feedback
Responsibility
Advice
Menu of options
Empathy
Self-Efficacy, explain them they are better whitout it

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Which are the stages of substance abuse

Pre contemplative: denial
contemplative: accepted
Preparation: 1st steps
Action: Behavior
Maintenance: sustain

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Alcohol
Signs and
symptoms of intoxication

Talkative,
sullen,
gregarious,
moody,
disinhibited
Legal limit US (car operate)) 0.08 =2-3 drinks

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Alcohol Treatment of

intoxication

Mechanical
ventilation if
severe
Coma coctail: thiamine D50 and naltrexone

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Alcohol Signs and
symptoms of
withdrawal

Tremors,
hallucinations,
confusion that comes before seizures,
delirium
tremens
Diastolic hypertnsion

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Alcohol Treatment of

withdrawal

Benzodiazepines (clordiazep + diazep.. to avoid the short term symp, then tapper) ,
thiamine,
multivitamins,
folic acid

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Amphetamines
and cocaine
(synthetic
forms: bath
salts) Signs and
symptoms of intoxication

Euphoria,
hypervigilance,
autonomic
hyperactivity,
weight loss,
pupillary
dilatation,
perceptual
disturbances. Coc angina HTcrisis

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Amphetamines
and cocaine
(synthetic
forms: bath
salts) Treatment of
intoxication

Antipsychotics
and/or
benzodiazepines
and/or
antihypertensives

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Amphetamines
and cocaine
(synthetic
forms: bath
salts) Signs and
symptoms of
withdrawal

Anxiety,
tremulousness,
headache,
increased
appetite,
depression,
risk of suicide. Cocaine bugs

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Amphetamines
and cocaine
(synthetic
forms: bath
salts) Treatment of
withdrawal

Bupropion and/or
bromocriptine.
Coca: 1 alpha blockade, then beta blockade

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Cannabis
(synthetic
forms: K2 and
spice) Signs and
symptoms of intoxication

Impaired
motor
coordination,
slowed sense
of time, social
withdrawal,
increased
appetite,
conjunctival
injection

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Cannabis
(synthetic
forms: K2 and
spice) Treatment of
intoxication

Consider use of
antipsychotics if
patient is
psychotic

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Cannabis
(synthetic
forms: K2 and
spice) Signs and
symptoms of
withdrawal

Irritability,
anger, anxiety,
sleep
problems,
restlessness,
appetite
problems

Cannabis
(synthetic
forms: K2 and
spice) Treatment of
withdrawal

Symptomatic

Hallucinogens Signs and

symptoms of intoxication

Ideas of
reference,
perceptual
disturbances,
possible increase in
psychosis,
impaired
judgment,
tremors,
incoordination,
dissociative
symptoms

Hallucinogens Treatment of

intoxication

Antipsychotics
and/or
benzodiazepines
and/or talking
down

Inhalants Signs and

symptoms of intoxication

Belligerence,
apathy,
aggression,
impaired
judgment,
stupor, or
coma

Inhalants Treatment of

intoxication

Antipsychotics

Opiates
(synthetic
form:
desomorphine,
a.k.a. krokodil) Heroin
Signs and
symptoms of intoxication

Apathy, euphoria***
dysphoria,
pupillary
constriction,⬇RespR
drowsiness,
slurred
speech, coma,
or death. Track markers

Opiates
(synthetic
form:
desomorphine,
a.k.a. krokodil)  Heroin Treatment of
intoxication

Naloxone. Narcotics Anonymus, medical assistant therapy w methadone or suboxone

``` Opiates (synthetic form: desomorphine, a.k.a. krokodil) Heroin Signs and symptoms of withdrawal ```

``` all over body PAIN Fever, chills, lacrimation, abdominal cramps, muscle spasms, diarrhea ```

``` Opiates (synthetic form: desomorphine, a.k.a. krokodil) Heroin Treatment of withdrawal ```

Clonidine, methadone(kills the cravings), or buprenorphine

Phencyclidine (PCP) angel dust Signs and symptoms of intoxication

``` Belligerence, psychomotor agitation, violence, VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL nystagmus, hypertension, seizures ```

Phencyclidine (PCP) angel dust Treatment of intoxication

``` Antipsychotics and/or benzodiazepines and/or talking down. Acidify urine in order to enhance excretion ```

Anabolic steroids Signs and symptoms of intoxication

Irritability, aggression, mania, psychosis

Anabolic steroids Treatment of intoxication

Antipsychotics

Anabolic steroids Signs and symptoms of withdrawal

``` Depression, headaches, anxiety, increased concern over body’s physical state ```

Anabolic steroids Treatment of withdrawal

SSRIs

Liver alcohol metabolize rate?

0.03/h

0.2 EtOH intox

nausea and vomit

EtOH stimulates what neurotransmiter?

GABA, the brain inhibitor

BZD acute intox sympt

amnesia, delirium in elderly. Resp ⬇, coma (this 2 are hard to see unles mixed with another drug like EtOH=Rape drug)

MDMA synonym

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, commonly known as ecstasy, E, or molly,

MDMA intox symp

``` dilated pupil euphoric psycosis overheating inc hreart rate losst sense of water balance, inc water drinking. Water intox ```

Barbiturates intox

Same BZD effect but lower safety margin.

Nicotin addiction, treatment

Nicotin Patch, gums or Wellburtin (Bupropion) or Chantix (Varenicline)