Subject 3 - Animal Magnetism Flashcards
Why should clinical psychologists know about hypnosis?
- to understand hypnoïdal phenomena (ex. dissociation)
- enhances efficacy of treatments
- reduces surgical costs
- dispel myths about hypnosis
- become aware of how clinician is a source of suggestion (the therapist influences the therapy)
- to know its field of applications to make referrals
What is amamnesis?
The lack of amnesia
- this means to take the life history of the person
What is a more specific way of thinking about induction?
It is the verbatim for inducting hypnosis
- ex. close your eyes, think of a relaxing place, let your limbs become relaxed…
What is an ideo-motor suggestion?
An idea triggers a motor movement
What is an ideo-cognitive suggestion?
The idea triggers a thought or memory
What is an ideo-emotive suggestion?
The suggestion triggers an emotion
Describe the clinical hypnosis session (step by step)
- pre-hypnosis interview (like a medical screening)
- induction
- deepening (transitioning; this makes the patient more receptive)
- work and therapeutic sessions
- post- hypnotic suggestion and dehypnotization
- post-hypnotic interview (to assess subjective beliefs)
Describe in more detail the pre-hypnosis interview.
- find out if the person is imaginative, do they daydream, etc
- ask them what helps them relax and put them in that place (the clinician can’t decide this)
- have they been hypnotized before?
- yes - was it successful?
- yes
- no (why?) - no - beliefs and expectations?
- yes - was it successful?
What does the induction process help the clinician to assess?
What the responsiveness of the patient is
- induction uses ideo-motor suggestions
What does deepening serve to accomplish?
Increase receptivity
How long does the clinical hypnosis session take?
From induction to dehypnosis = 20 mins
What are some myths about hypnosis?
- hypnosis isn’t harmful (a medical screening needs to take place before hypnosis in case the cause of the symptom is something malignant)
- you can become stuck
- hypnosis is a truth serum
- hypnosis can retrieve lost memories (if it was in a highly stressful situation, anxiety can block the formation of memories)
- once you are hypnotized, you cannot resist
What is a post-hypnotic suggestion?
A suggestion which is made while the person is hypnotized but which will be carried out after they awake from hypnosis
What sort of related observations are sometimes made during induction?
a sense of compulsion, unusual experiences (such as alterations in body image, sense of time, dissociative experiences) and diminished reflective awareness
What are hypnotic phenomena?
Behaviour, cognitive and experiential alterations that emerge because of or are enhanced by induction
What is primary suggestibility?
A meaningful communication aimed at producing a non-voluntary response that would not take place otherwise
What is secondary suggestibility?
A subtle influence in which the person is unaware that they are being suggested to (like inception)
Which kinds of problems is hypnosis effective at treating?
- PTSD
- anxiety
- insomnia
- pain
- asthma
- IBS
- post-chemotherapy nausea
- preparation for childbirth
What kinds of symptoms seem to be treated more effectively with hypnosis?
All symptoms that have an involuntary aspect (such as emotional disturbances and sleep); things that are done willingly (such as smoking) are outside of the realm of treatment for hypnosis
What is the link between pleasure and responsiveness to hypnosis?
All symptoms which are pleasurable do not tend to respond to hypnosis
Are psychosomatic illnesses responsive to hypnosis?
Yes; by alleviating stress, the symptoms can be diminished
Who is more likely to see a greater symptom reduction - highly hypnotizable people or low hypnotizable people?
High hypnotizable people
What are the effects of hypnosis triggered by?
Beliefs and expectations
Are hypnotizability effects linked to hypnosis?
No, these are individual abilities
Can highly hypnotizable people, in some way, cause some of their symptoms?
Yes (ex. people who suffer from DID are all highly hypnotizable)
Are hypnotized patients passive?
No
What are some types of clinical suggestions?
- direct
- dialogue-based suggestions
- indirect
Describe direct suggestions.
- only the hypnotist talks
- can be either
a) problem focused (addresses problem directly, is best for highly hypnotizable people)
or
b) fantasy-focused (addresses problem directly through a guided fantasy, using the problem as a metaphor, such as using a fruit to make the migrane smaller) - all direct suggestions involve the use of images
Describe dialogue based suggestion.
- make the client talk about a specific situation
- suggests a restructuring of a narrative (like CBT)
What is the hypnotic dream?
A suggestion to dream
What is restructuration?
Provide alternatives to the narrative
Describe indirect suggestions.
- all indirect suggestions involve the use of imagery and fantasy
- does not address problem directly but instead directs attention to positive things (can treat stuttering)
- uses storytelling to illustrate a specific point (such as using an analogy)
- best used for children and low hypnotizable people
What is a functional disorder?
When the function of a structure is disturbed
What is a structural disorder?
When the structure of a system is disturbed
