Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 444 - HYPNOSIS AND DISSOCIATION > Dissociative Disorders > Flashcards

Dissociative Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 DSM V classifications of dissociative disorders?

A
  1. Dissociative identity disorder
  2. dissociative amnesia (with or without dissociative fugue)
  3. depersonalization/ derealization
  4. other specified dissociative disorder
  5. unspecified dissociative disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the DSM V classifications are actually dissociative disorders?

A
  1. DID
  2. dissociative amnesia
  3. depersonalization, derealization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is dissociation, according to Pierre Janet?

A

It was an idea that he brought up, parallel to Freud’s defence mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the problem with dissociative disorders?

A

They are only a description of clinical evidence, but there are no physiological markers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In short, what is dissociation?

A

A failure of consciousness to integrate cognition, emotions and motivation
- the result is that some aspect of cognition is unable to be consciously accessible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the prevalence of dissociative disorders?

A

About as high as schizophrenia (about 1% of the population)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happened from 1960 to 1980?

A

Reported cases of DID climbed from 2 cases per decade (1960) to 20,000 cases from 1980-2000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria specific to DID?

A
  1. discontinuity in sense of self and sense of agency; alterations in affect, behaviour, consciousness, memory, perception, cognition and/or sensorimotor functioning
  2. recurrent gaps in recall inconsistent with ordinary forgetting
  3. symptoms cause distress or impairment in social functioning
  4. disturbance is not a broadly accepted cultural or religious practise
  5. symptoms cannot be attributed to physiological effects of a substance or other medical condition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two symptoms the DSM describes that are specific to DID (exam question)?

A
  1. discontinuity in sense of self and sense of agency; alterations in affect, behaviour, consciousness, memory, perception, cognition and/or sensorimotor functioning
  2. recurrent gaps in recall inconsistent with ordinary forgetting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In what three ways does DID amnesia manifest?

A
  1. gaps in memory
  2. lapses in dependable memory (such as reading)
  3. discovery of evidence for which they have no memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a dissociative fugue?

A

Purposeful travel or bewildered wandering that is associated with amnesia for identity or for other important autobiographical information
- example: going to a new country and calling themselves a different name, with no memory of previous life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the problem with dissociative fugue?

A

There is only anecdotal evidence to support this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is DID linked to?

A

Higher levels of hypnotizability and dissociativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for dissociative amnesia?

A
  1. inability to recall important autobiographical information, inconsistent with ordinary forgetting
    - often selective amnesia of a specific event, or generalized amnesia for life history
  2. distress/social impairment
  3. disturbance is not caused by a substance
  4. disturbance is not better explained than DID, PTDS, acute stress disorder, somatic symptom disorder, or neurocognitive disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the symptoms specific to dissociative amnesia (exam question)?

A
  1. inability to recall important autobiographical information, inconsistent with ordinary forgetting
    - often selective amnesia of a specific event, or generalized amnesia for life history
  2. disturbance is not better explained than DID, PTDS, acute stress disorder, somatic symptom disorder, or neurocognitive disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the difference between amnesia from PTSD, and amnesia from dissociation?

A

In PTSD, amnesic memories are eventually remembered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the different kinds of amnesia (5 in total)?

A
  1. localized: failure to recall during a period of time
  2. selective: failure to recall some of the events
  3. generalized: complete loss of memory of one’s life
  4. systematized failure to recall a specific category of information
  5. continuous: failure to recall each new event as it occurs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for depersonalization/derealization?

A
  1. the persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalization or derealization
  2. during depersonalization and/or derealization, reality testing remains intact (i.e. you remain a critical agent of reality) - no disturbance of memory, often triggered by stress
  3. causes distress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the symptoms specific to depersonalization/derealization (exam question)?

A
  1. the persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalization or derealization
  2. during depersonalization and/or derealization, reality testing remains intact (i.e. you remain a critical agent of reality) - no disturbance of memory, often triggered by stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe other specified dissociative disorder (exam question)?

A

Used when some symptoms are present, but not enough to qualify as a true dissociative disorder

21
Q

What is unspecified dissociative disorder (exam question)?

A

When the dissociative symptoms are present, but there is no known cause

22
Q

What are some major problems with dissociation?

A
  1. dissociation is used to describe a symptom, a pathology, or an ability (it becomes a circular description)
  2. we can’t decide the line between normal and pathology
  3. imagination better explains dissociation than trauma
  4. should only be used as a descriptor (to index a person’s subjective experience)
23
Q

How was hypnosis used with dissociative disorders?

A

Hypnosis was the road to uncover the traumas of the alters

24
Q

Describe how DID gained popularity?

A

Because in the late 80s and 90s, the belief that Satan was back caused many religious figures to explain mental illness (and specifically DID) as possession; the response of the psychologists was to give it a clinical label instead

25
Q

What is organismic involvement (aka believed in imaginings aka role enactment)?

A

That the actor truly believes in the role he/she plays, so much so that they invest in the alternate reality they have created

26
Q

What is the aim of therapy for multiple personality disorder?

A

To recover the memories of abuse

27
Q

Describe the links between seeking therapy and hypnosis?

A

Women usually seek therapy for current problems (having no memories of abuse) > these women have problems, therefore they must have been abused > exploration of the past through hypnosis to recover lost memories of abuse

28
Q

What are two views on the nature of memory?

A
    • that traumatic memories are permanently stored and are simply repressed or dissociated
    • forgotten memories can be recovered perfectly
    • recovered memories are usually accurate
    • recovered memories are the result of suggestion
    • memory is innacurate
    • repression is not sufficiently valid and dissociation is vague
29
Q

According to the first view on the nature of memory, are traumatic memories permanently stored?

A

No, they can always be altered

30
Q

Are traumatic events processed differently than other kinds of memory encoding?

A

No

31
Q

What is historical truth (exam question)?

A

Factual truth of past events

32
Q

What is narrative truth (exam question)?

A

How you subjectively view the events of the past

- changes with time, as well as with whom you speak to

33
Q

What kind of memory is autobiographical recall: reconstructive, or reproductive?

A

Reconstructive (i.e. you are not reproducing an identical copy of the events that transpired)

34
Q

Approximately when does autobiographical memory begin to form?

A

At approximately three years old

35
Q

Why is the timeline of the formation of autobiographical memory important from a critical perspective of MPD?

A

Because baby personalities are therefore conclusively imaginary

36
Q

Describe the first wave of the debate of MPD?

A
  1. the hypno-investigator (1975-1985)
    - hypnosis used in criminal investigations
    - research on hypnotic hypermnesia
    - research on memory creation
    - professional societies adopt position against hypnosis by the police
37
Q

Describe the second wave of the debate of MPD?

A
  1. the clinical detective (from 1985-2000)
    - therapist becomes some sort of detective
    - “believe the children”, feminism, exorcisms
    • clinicians validate this, but blame it on MPD
38
Q

Describe the third wave of the debate of MPD?

A
  1. the clinical archaeologist (from 1985 - 2000)
    - psychiatry rejected exorcism claims, used MPD as a substitute
    - explained women’s “rebellion” and why they were doing so (because of abuse)
    - many legal cases in USA, sexual abuse checklist. 19 states changed their statute of limitations, FBI investigations of satanic ritual abuse (no evidence)
39
Q

What is the basis of the claims of MPD?

A
  1. info from patients who have been subjected to recall techniques like hypnosis
  2. false beliefs about memory processes
  3. theories of sexual abuse in children
  4. clinical insight
40
Q

What is childhood amnesia?

A

When adults don’t remember any childhood memories up to 7 or 8 years old due to repression

41
Q

What are flashbacks (aka flashbulb memories)?

A

Sudden, vivid and emotionally demanding recollection of a traumatic event (not the exact memory, but is recalled AS IF it was happening again)
- can happen to loved ones and people who have never experienced the event itself

42
Q

What are body memories?

A

belief that traumatic events are stored elsewhere than in the brain (no evidence for this)

43
Q

Is repression an actual mechanism?

A

No; if the patient doesn’t remember anything, the therapist remembers for the patient (Freud)

44
Q

Is there any scientific validation for repression (exam question)?

A

None

45
Q

What is the thought as to why childhood amnesia occurs?

A

Because of two traumatic events:

  1. witnessing of the primal scene between 0 and 1 years old
  2. the Oedipus period (never substantiated)
46
Q

Is there scientific evidence for dissociative amnesia (exam question)?

A

Partial, but not global

47
Q

What is partial forgetting (exam question)?

A

Forgetting part of the trauma, or remembering the gist of the event (supported by evidence)

48
Q

What is global forgetting (exam question)?

A

The events themselves were forgotten (no evidence for this)

PSYC 444 - HYPNOSIS AND DISSOCIATION (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions