Subhashitam

Question 1

सदयं हृदयं यस्य भाषितं सत्यभूषितम् ।
कायः परहिते यस्य कलिस्तस्य करोति किम् ॥

[Ref: Pg 79]

Answer 1

सदयं हृदयं यस्य भाषितं सत्यभूषितम् ।
कायः परहिते यस्य कलिस्तस्य करोति किम् ॥

What (harm) can Kalipuruṣa do to him, whose heart is full of kindness, whose speech is adorned with truth and whose body is for the good of others.

सदय (adj) - kind. हृदयम् (n) - heart

भाषितम् (n) - speech. सत्य (adj) - true

काय: (m) - Body. परहितम् (n) - another’s welfare

यस्य - whose (यद्): (6th Vibhakti)

Question 2

आचार्यात् पादमादत्ते पादं शिष्यः स्वमेधया ।
पादं सब्रह्मचारिभ्यः पादं कालक्रमेण च ॥

[Ref: Pg 98]

Answer 2

आचार्यात् पादमादत्ते पादं शिष्यः स्वमेधया ।
पादं सब्रह्मचारिभ्यः पादं कालक्रमेण च ॥

A pupil learns only a quarter from his teacher, acquires another quarter from his own intelligence, receives yet another quarter from his classmates and gets the other quarter in the course of time.

आचार्यः (m) - teacher.

आचार्यात् - 5th Vibhakti, singular (from the teacher)

पादः (m) - quarter. आदत्ते (verb) - receives/learns/grasps

शिष्यः(m) - student/pupil. मेधा (f) - intelligence/wisdom

स्व (adj) - self.

स्वमेधया - 3rd Vibhakti (with his own intelligence)

ब्रह्मचारिन् (m) - young Brahman student (of the Vedas)

सब्रह्मचारिभ्यः - 5th Vibhakti (from the peers)

कालक्रमः (m) - lapse/course/passage of time

कालक्रमेण - 3rd Vibhakti (with passage of time)

Question 3

छायामन्यस्य कुर्वन्ति तिष्ठन्ति स्वयमातपे |
फलान्यपि परार्थाय वृक्षा: सत्पुरुषा इव ||

[Ref: Pg 117]

Answer 3

छायामन्यस्य कुर्वन्ति तिष्ठन्ति स्वयमातपे |
फलान्यपि परार्थाय वृक्षा: सत्पुरुषा इव ||

Trees stand in the sun and give shade to others. Their fruits are also for others. Likewise, good people bear all hardship and bring welfare to others. They give to others whatever they have earned.

छायामन्यस्य = छायाम् + अन्यस्य
छाया (f) - shade (छायाम् - 2nd Vibhakti)
अन्य: (m) - another person (अन्यस्य - 6th Vibhakti)
तिष्ठन्ति - stand (present 3rd pers plural)
कुर्वन्ति - do / provide (in this case) (present 3rd pers plural)
स्वयमातपे = स्वयम् + आतपे
स्वयम् (indeclinable) - oneself
आतप: (m) - Sunlight / sunshine / heat (आतपे - 7th Vibhakti)
फलान्यपि = फलानि + अन्य: + अपि (2nd Vibhakti)
फलानि (n pl) - Fruits अपि (indeclinable) - also
परार्थ: (m) - another’s welfare / advantage (परार्थाय - 4th Vibhakti)
वृक्षः (m) - tree. सत्पुरुष: (m) - good or wise man
इव - like

Question 4

अयं निजः परो वेति गणना लघुचेतसाम् ।

उदारचरितानां तु वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम् ॥

Answer 4

अयं निजः परो वेति गणना लघुचेतसाम् ।
उदारचरितानां तु वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम् ॥

Consideration like “he is mine or he is another’s” occur only to the narrow-minded persons. To the broad minded persons the whole world is their own family.

अयं (m) - This (masc pronoun)
निज: (m) - relative (related to associated with oneself)
पर (adj) - another/other
वेति - occurs
गणना (f) - consideration/calculation (differentiation more apt in this case)
लघु (adj) - small
चेतस् (n) - mind (चेतसाम् - 6th Vibhakti)
लघुचेतस् (adj) - small/narrow-minded
वसुधैव = वसुधा (f) - Earth + एव (indeclinable) - really
उदारचरित (adj) - noble/noble minded (उदारचरितानां - 6th Vibhakti)
तु (indeclinable) - But / However
कुटुम्बकम् (n) - family

Question 5

उद्यमेनैव सिध्यन्ति कार्याणि न मनोरथैः ।

नहि सुप्तस्य सिंहस्य प्रविशन्ति मुखे मृगाः ॥

Answer 5

उद्यमेनैव सिध्यन्ति कार्याणि न मनोरथैः ।
नहि सुप्तस्य सिंहस्य प्रविशन्ति मुखे मृगाः ॥

Success in life can be achieved only by hard work and not by merely wishing for it. No animal will enter into the mouth of a lion that is sleeping.

उद्यमेनैव = उद्यमेन (3rd Vibhakti) + एव (indeclinable) - only / alone / merely
उद्यम (m) - hard work / effort
सिध्यति - succeeds/acomplishes
कार्यम् (n) - action/work
मनोरथ: (m) - wish/desire (मनोरथैः - 3rd Vibhakti)
मृग: (m) - deer हि (indeclinable) - surely / for
सुप्त (n) - sleep. सिंह: (m) - lion
सुप्तस्य, सिंहस्य - 6th Vibhakti
मुखम् (n) - mouth (मुखे - 7th Vibhakti)

Question 6

न कश्चिदपि जानाति किं कस्य श्वो भविष्यति |

अतः श्वः करणीयानि कुर्यादद्यैव बुद्धिमान् ||

Answer 6

न कश्चिदपि जानाति किं कस्य श्वो भविष्यति |
अतः श्वः करणीयानि कुर्यादद्यैव बुद्धिमान् ||

Nobody knows what will happen and to whom tomorrow. Hence, a wise person should do today itself what is scheduled for tomorrow.

न कश्चिद् (pronoun) - nobody. जानाति - knows
अपि (indeclinable) - also/even
किं (n) - What कस्य (m/n) - whose श्वो - tomorrow
भविष्यति - will happen (Future tense of भवति )
अतः (indeclinable) - Hence/Therefore
करणीयम् (n) - duty/work to be done
कुर्यादद्यैव = कुर्याद (must/should do - opative mood?) +
अद्य (indeclinable) - today +
एव (indeclinable) - only
बुद्धिमान् (adj) - intelligent