subcutaneous

Question 1

● “Inoculation mycoses”

Answer 1

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

Question 2

chronic, localized infections of the skin and
subcutaneous tissue and IT MAY ALSO AFFECTS
THE BONE

Answer 2

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

Question 3

Clinically significant because they can cause chronic
and debilitating disease sometimes.

Answer 3

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

Question 4

● Tissue proliferation around area of inoculation

Answer 4

Chromoblastomycosis

Question 5

most commonly encountered Chromoblastomycosis.

Answer 5

Fonsecaea pedrosi - most commonly encountered.

Question 6

These are geophilic and soil saprophytes

Answer 6

Chromoblastomycosis

Question 7

Caused by dematiaceous fungi associated with
decaying vegetation or soil

Answer 7

Chromoblastomycosis

Question 8

Crusted, verrucose, wartlike lesions

Answer 8

Chromoblastomycosis

Question 9

Worldwide but more common in bare-footed
populations in the tropics

Answer 9

Chromoblastomycosis

Question 10

Etiologic agents OF Chromoblastomycosis

Answer 10

● Fonsecaea
● Cladosporium
● Phialophora

Question 11

TYPES OF SPORULATION

Answer 11

Acrotheca
- conidia at the side
Cladosporium
- conidia in chains
Phialophora
- conidia in cluster

Question 12

May exhibit all 3 types of conidiation

Answer 12

Fonseceae pedrosoi
Fonseceae compacta

Question 13

● elongate conidiophore
● chains of smooth walled conidia
● elongated and in chain

Answer 13

Cladosporium type

Question 14

flask-shaped or elliptical phialides with flaring
collarettes

Answer 14

Phialophora verrucosa

Question 15

brown pigmented, planate-dividing, rounded sclerotic
bodies

Answer 15

Chromoblastomycosis

Question 16

● “Copper coins apperance” IN KOH OF SKIN SCRAPINGS OR CRUST

Answer 16

Chromoblastomycosis

Question 17

● slow growing , suede-like, olive black in color
● Can grown in SBA but takes weeks

Answer 17

Chromoblastomycosis

Question 18

Chromoblastomycosis

TREATMENT

Answer 18

TREATMENT:
● Ketoconazole
● Fluconazole
● Ampothecirin B
● Surgery - remove the crust
● Protective clothing for prevention

Question 19

● “Madura foot”

Answer 19

MYCETOMA

Question 20

Formation of swollen lumps, and nodules that leads
to abscesses and draining sinuses -> leades to
derformeties and be amputated

Answer 20

MYCETOMA

Question 21

Chronic and progressive

Can also be caused by bacterial infection

Answer 21

MYCETOMA

Question 22

an infection OF MYCETOMA IS characterized b y:

Answer 22

● tumefaction
● destruction of bone
● distortion of foot or hand
● hyperplasia at openings of sinus tracts

Question 23

● caused by traumatic implantation of spores

Answer 23

MYCETOMA

Question 24

involves cutaneous & subcutaneous tissues, fascia &
bone of foot or hand

Answer 24

MYCETOMA

Question 25

● MYCETOMA can be from fungal or bacteria

Answer 25

○ Maduiella and Exophiala (Fungi) ○ Nocardia and Actinomyces (Bacteria)

Question 26

● Presence of sulfure granules and does not stain with fungal strain

Answer 26

Actinomadura and streptomyces

Question 27

ETIOLOGIC AGENTS of mycetoma

Answer 27

● ACTINOMYCOTIC MYCETOMA ● EUMYCOTIC MYCETOMA

Question 28

refers to a disease caused by eucaryotes (fungi) that presents as a chronic granulomatous, infection of the skin, subcutaneous tissues and eventually bone.

Answer 28

Eumycotic mycetoma

Question 29

A variety of fungi are involved with infection resulting from direct inoculation of soil fungi into the hands or feet

Answer 29

Eumycotic mycetoma

Question 30

causes EUMYCOTIC MYCETOMA

Answer 30

Pseudoallescheria boydii

Question 31

● Curvularia ● Rounded or curve

Answer 31

EUMYCOTIC MYCETOMA

Question 32

Spores ie elongated

Answer 32

Leptosphaeria

Question 33

● Budding and strands of buds ● Scattered strands ● When cultured branching/kalat klaat ● Sandy appearance when cultured

Answer 33

Pseudallescheria

Question 34

● Localized swelling no inflammation ● Nodules ● Abscesses are in sinus tracts ● Bone is involved in severe cases

Answer 34

EUMYCOTIC MYCETOMA

Question 35

color of grains ○ Madurella mycetomatis - ● Streptomyces pelletierii - ● Streptomyces somaliensis -

Answer 35

○ Madurella mycetomatis - black grains ● Streptomyces pelletierii - red grains ● Streptomyces somaliensis -white grains

Question 36

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS of CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

Answer 36

● collect granules from sinuses, place sterile gauze overnight ● culture granules to grow etiologic age

Question 37

MYCETOMA treatment

Answer 37

TREATMENT ● Antifungal agents ○ Itraconazole ○ Terbinafine ● Antibiotics ○ Doxycycline ○ Amoxicillin ● Surgical intervention - if severe, remove the abscess or amputate to stop the spread and growing ● Long-term treatments - tales months or years ● Soil exposure - hiking, no use of slippers are the causes

Question 38

Wide septate hyphae found in tissue sections distinguish this disease from Actinomycoticmycetoma caused by the bacteria Actinomyces or Nocardia.

Answer 38

ENVIRONMENT-PENETRATION EUMYCOTIC MYCETOMA

Question 39

● Rose gardener’s disease

Answer 39

SPOROTRICHOSIS

Question 40

Infection of the cutaneous or subcutaneous tissues & adjacent lymphatics

Answer 40

SPOROTRICHOSIS

Question 41

● Causes by dimorphic fungi, Sporothrix schenckii

Answer 41

SPOROTRICHOSIS

Question 42

● Usually found in soil ● Affects human and animals ● There should be a trauma ● Mostly associated farmers, gardeners and laborers ● Cna be transmitted direct contact to plant, cats in animals through scratch and bites

Answer 42

SPOROTRICHOSIS

Question 43

Characterized by nodular lesions which may suppurate & ulcerate

Answer 43

ENVIRONMENT-PENETRATION SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII

Question 44

through inhalation, cough, chest pain, difficulty in breathing

Answer 44

Pulmonary Sporotrichosis- through inhalation, cough, chest pain, difficulty in breathing

Question 45

- spread to other organs bones, joints, and CNS

Answer 45

Systemic Sporotrichosis

Question 46

Traumatic implantation of the fungus into the skin, rarely by inhalation into lungs

Answer 46

ENVIRONMENT-PENETRATION SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII

Question 47

Ulcers form at the site of inoculation and overa course of weeks, nodules develop along the draining lymphatics

Answer 47

ENVIRONMENT-PENETRATION SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII

Question 48

The organism is dimorphic, with mycelial forms in the environment and conversion to the yeast form in the human host

Answer 48

Environment - Penetration Sporothrix schenckiiї

Question 49

affects immunocompromised, patients under immunosuppressive therapy

Answer 49

Zygomycetes (mucormycosis)-

Question 50

Entomophthoromycosis caused by

Answer 50

Entomophthoromycosis ● Caused by Conidiobolus ● Caused by Basidiobolus