subcultures and identity Flashcards
identity is shaped by
dominant culture and subculture
subcultures
groups that exist wh=ithin a larger group but have their own value and norms
social class derives from
caste, inheritance, occupation,
4 classes in capitalist society
bourgeoisie
middle class
labour/working class
underclass
identity of the bourgeoise
- monopolise global wealth, live lavishly, conspicuous
2.great political powe3. wield disproportionate ideological power - like to think high culture is best
- posses social and cultural capital
- social closure marry within class
identity of middle class
diverse
1. posses job security, expert knowledge allowing them to direct and control
3. cultural outlooking valuing economic security, self discipline, deferred gratification and home ownership
4. posses higher edu and cultural capital
5. individualistic
proletariat
- manual blue collar workers, scare technical skill, above minimum wage
- collectivist ideals
- class conscious aware of inequality
- extended families support each other
who argue working class identity is under threat
jan pakulski and malcom waters
why is working class identity under threat
due to high unemployment more individualistic, collectivist identity in decline
class consciousness under threat due to divide and rule ideology (the populist ideology) they blame outsiders particularly immigrants xenophobic
skilled working forced to take unkilled work to help families survive
what is precariat
those workers in the past that would have been highly skilled manual workers but because skills no longer in demand take on whatever casual work
takes part in gig economy
often children and women
who coined precariat
guy standing
identity of precariat
present day oriented, focused on survival, lack positive aspirations
fatalistic outlook cannot change the way things will happen
lacks occupational identity central to self
higher levels of criminality and suicide
standing claims it is a dangerous class
why is the concept of self identity important (name the sociologist)
sarah mclaughlin
only by establishing our own identities as individuals groups do we understand what makes us similar or different from others, it helps form social connection an solidarity
who suggested identity has 2 components
which 2 components
sarah mc laughlin
self and how others see us
how explained identity of self
george herbert mead
self divided into i (private for family and friends only) and me (how you project yourself to others
how others see us
our social identity
te net sum of all socialisation experiences, we internalise social expectations to form social identity
approaches to identity
structuralist
shaped by gender, class
social action
identity produced by choice
structure and identity is created by the interaction of structure and agency, said who
anthony giddens
consumerism shaped identity in the 21st century, but since affluent have more choice than poor, structure constraints free will, said
bauman
many cultures require men and women to conform to hegemonic ideas, said
R.W Connell
hegemonic
dominant set of ideals of what contitues and masculine or feminine
evidence of hegemonic patriarchal femininity being challenged
helen wilkinson and sue sharp argue that women experience greater educational and employment opportunities
who argues that hegemonic masculine value system stresses difference from women and goals to be acheived to become a real man
james messerschmidt
demonstrate power over women, contempt for weakness and homosexuality
toxic masculinity
patriarchal values harmful to males
why has hegemonic masculinity been made redundant
economic global recession unemployment
men are experiencing crisis of masculinity by being unable to provide for family
crisis of masculinity coined by
mairtin mc ghaill
emergence of feminised masculinity promoted by male role models
frank ocean barack obama
metrosexual male
urban hertrosexual male who enjoys enhancing his personal apperance, grooming, beauty treatments
ethnic identity
defined as sense of cultural awareness and identity within groups sharing common identity and language eh gujrati punjabi
racial characteristics
new hybrid identity data, apart from discrimination and racism
2.3million ppl in britain living or married to someone of different ethnicity
who said age is important regardless of socio economic status, gender and ethnicity
robert roberts et al
who identifies five major age identity
harriet bradley
childhood
adolescence
young adulthood middle age
old age
childhood and identity
parental contribution to childs identity
states shape identity my banning deviant behaviour
formative years in school
adolescence and identity
youth subcultures
preindustrail societies do no recognise this substage
rites of passage
young adulthood and identity
leaving parental home
financial independence , job marriage
middle age
higher status than young and elderly
old age
preindustrail great respect, attitudes in western indifferent
low self esteem loneliness infantalisation
globalisation
ongoing process involving increased interconnectedness and interdependency of worlds nations and people into a singe global economic, political and cultural system.
globalisation and identity
giddens argues islamic cultures threatneed by socialisation
traditional societies exposed to western consumerism and materialism leading to decadence (spiritual emptiness)
bauman local identities undermined
hybrid identities
local global interaction
glocalisation
fusion of global local products
cultural appropriation
elements of one culture used by another culture without acknowledgement of origin
