subcultures and identity Flashcards

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1
Q

identity is shaped by

A

dominant culture and subculture

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2
Q

subcultures

A

groups that exist wh=ithin a larger group but have their own value and norms

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3
Q

social class derives from

A

caste, inheritance, occupation,

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4
Q

4 classes in capitalist society

A

bourgeoisie
middle class
labour/working class
underclass

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5
Q

identity of the bourgeoise

A
  1. monopolise global wealth, live lavishly, conspicuous
    2.great political powe3. wield disproportionate ideological power
  2. like to think high culture is best
  3. posses social and cultural capital
  4. social closure marry within class
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6
Q

identity of middle class

A

diverse
1. posses job security, expert knowledge allowing them to direct and control
3. cultural outlooking valuing economic security, self discipline, deferred gratification and home ownership
4. posses higher edu and cultural capital
5. individualistic

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7
Q

proletariat

A
  1. manual blue collar workers, scare technical skill, above minimum wage
  2. collectivist ideals
  3. class conscious aware of inequality
  4. extended families support each other
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8
Q

who argue working class identity is under threat

A

jan pakulski and malcom waters

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9
Q

why is working class identity under threat

A

due to high unemployment more individualistic, collectivist identity in decline

class consciousness under threat due to divide and rule ideology (the populist ideology) they blame outsiders particularly immigrants xenophobic

skilled working forced to take unkilled work to help families survive

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10
Q

what is precariat

A

those workers in the past that would have been highly skilled manual workers but because skills no longer in demand take on whatever casual work

takes part in gig economy

often children and women

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11
Q

who coined precariat

A

guy standing

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12
Q

identity of precariat

A

present day oriented, focused on survival, lack positive aspirations

fatalistic outlook cannot change the way things will happen

lacks occupational identity central to self

higher levels of criminality and suicide

standing claims it is a dangerous class

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13
Q

why is the concept of self identity important (name the sociologist)

A

sarah mclaughlin
only by establishing our own identities as individuals groups do we understand what makes us similar or different from others, it helps form social connection an solidarity

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14
Q

who suggested identity has 2 components
which 2 components

A

sarah mc laughlin
self and how others see us

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15
Q

how explained identity of self

A

george herbert mead
self divided into i (private for family and friends only) and me (how you project yourself to others

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16
Q

how others see us

A

our social identity
te net sum of all socialisation experiences, we internalise social expectations to form social identity

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17
Q

approaches to identity

A

structuralist
shaped by gender, class

social action
identity produced by choice

18
Q

structure and identity is created by the interaction of structure and agency, said who

A

anthony giddens

19
Q

consumerism shaped identity in the 21st century, but since affluent have more choice than poor, structure constraints free will, said

A

bauman

20
Q

many cultures require men and women to conform to hegemonic ideas, said

A

R.W Connell

21
Q

hegemonic

A

dominant set of ideals of what contitues and masculine or feminine

22
Q

evidence of hegemonic patriarchal femininity being challenged

A

helen wilkinson and sue sharp argue that women experience greater educational and employment opportunities

23
Q

who argues that hegemonic masculine value system stresses difference from women and goals to be acheived to become a real man

A

james messerschmidt
demonstrate power over women, contempt for weakness and homosexuality

24
Q

toxic masculinity

A

patriarchal values harmful to males

25
Q

why has hegemonic masculinity been made redundant

A

economic global recession unemployment
men are experiencing crisis of masculinity by being unable to provide for family

26
Q

crisis of masculinity coined by

A

mairtin mc ghaill

27
Q

emergence of feminised masculinity promoted by male role models

A

frank ocean barack obama

28
Q

metrosexual male

A

urban hertrosexual male who enjoys enhancing his personal apperance, grooming, beauty treatments

29
Q

ethnic identity

A

defined as sense of cultural awareness and identity within groups sharing common identity and language eh gujrati punjabi

racial characteristics

30
Q

new hybrid identity data, apart from discrimination and racism

A

2.3million ppl in britain living or married to someone of different ethnicity

31
Q

who said age is important regardless of socio economic status, gender and ethnicity

A

robert roberts et al

32
Q

who identifies five major age identity

A

harriet bradley

childhood
adolescence
young adulthood middle age
old age

33
Q

childhood and identity

A

parental contribution to childs identity
states shape identity my banning deviant behaviour
formative years in school

34
Q

adolescence and identity

A

youth subcultures
preindustrail societies do no recognise this substage
rites of passage

35
Q

young adulthood and identity

A

leaving parental home
financial independence , job marriage

36
Q

middle age

A

higher status than young and elderly

37
Q

old age

A

preindustrail great respect, attitudes in western indifferent
low self esteem loneliness infantalisation

38
Q

globalisation

A

ongoing process involving increased interconnectedness and interdependency of worlds nations and people into a singe global economic, political and cultural system.

39
Q

globalisation and identity

A

giddens argues islamic cultures threatneed by socialisation
traditional societies exposed to western consumerism and materialism leading to decadence (spiritual emptiness)

bauman local identities undermined

40
Q

hybrid identities

A

local global interaction

41
Q

glocalisation

A

fusion of global local products

42
Q

cultural appropriation

A

elements of one culture used by another culture without acknowledgement of origin