family pt 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

most common type of family

A

2 generational heterosexual nuclear family

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2
Q

types of extended family include

A

vertical- 3 generations
horizontal-children with spouses
attenuated- close proximity, strong contact, moral support, duty obligation

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3
Q

non family household example

A

single person
students sharing
commune kibbutz Israel

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4
Q

describe the functionalist account of family

A

family exists family must have a purpose
nuclear family is universal, and important for stability and social order in society

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5
Q

name relevant functionalists

A

murdock
tacott parsons

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6
Q

name murdocks arugument

A

universality of family argument

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7
Q

explain universality of family argument

A

nuclear family is universal and has 4 basic purposes
-reproductive
-sexual regulation
-economic - parents take responsibility of children
-educational - parents socialise children of norms

criticism- fails to take into account increasing diversity of family, assumes heterosexual orientation in central to family

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8
Q

what does talcott parsons argue

A

socio economic change associated with industrialisation and modernisation shaped family structures and and relationships

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9
Q

who argues pre industrial societies composed of extended families and why
list the functions

A

talcott parsons
functional for farming and hunting gathering
pre industrial families were multi functional units

functions-
- meeting basic needs of extended family
-education of children in whatever family specialised in
- responsibility of health, absence of universal healthcare system,
-responsibility of elderly disabled
-pursuing vendettas to seek revenge absence of criminal justice system

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10
Q

what did parsons say about the decline of extended family and growth of nuclear family

A

5 fundamental changes
- geographically mobile workforce, because industrial jobs
-social mobility, improve materially oldest male was ascribed head, but not suitable here, most skilled is head, meritocratic
-individuals more independent less prone to social pressure, ascribed roles conflict with role required for competitive industry
-wage earners saw distinction in work life and home life, more institutions like hospitals, insurance came to take role of family
-industrialisation encouraged the development of the bureaucratic state which took responsibility in regulating relationships

argues extended families would hinder industrial growth

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11
Q

the two irreducible functions of the nuclear family
and according to whom

A

primary socialisation of children and stabilisation of adult personalities
parsons

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12
Q

explain primary socialisation of childrens as per parsons

A

children should be socialised into core cultural values of industrial capitalist societies like
-achievement
-competition
-equality of opportunity
-respect for private property

this encourages value consensus and social solidarity

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13
Q

explain parsons stabilisation of adult personality

A

to cope with stressful modern life family acts as warm bath breadwinning man.
provides emotional security and therapeutic need to be able behave in a childish manner not accepted in formal workplace

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14
Q

roles of males and females according to parsons

A

male - instrumental leader
head of household, wage earner, protection

female - expressive leader
mother wife socilaise children, provide emotional needs care for family

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15
Q

2 appreciation of functionalist theory of family

A

first to point out universality of 2 generational nuclear family

many state policies initiatives aimed at regulating family life in industrial societies have functionalist origins

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16
Q

9 criticism of functionalist theory of family

A
  1. ronald fletcher- parsons wrong to suggest loss of functions, nuclear family despite losing production is unit of consumption that motivated workers to earn more. other roles like education, healthcare still are performed, the gov only supplements it
  2. failed to recognise, migration and increasing diversity of families, nuclear family no longer as dominant
  3. interactionists argue parsons neglected free will, children are not empty vessols, socialisation is a 2 way street. parsons is overdeterministic
  4. industrialsation in different places was different for example in japan loyalty to company and value like extended family was emphasised,
    isolated nuclear family was nor prevalent
  5. industrialisation took off due to nuclear family and not vice versa
  6. industrialisation and global migration increased the need for extended family support
  7. parsons was too positive, femenists agrgue families can often be dysfunctional, places of abuse

8.theory is ethnocentric, assumes American experience is universal. not relavent in multicultural societies. religion wealth or poverty aslo determined whether women worked or not, how big a family was

9, femenists argue that theory is patriarchal and justifies misogyny and sexism

17
Q

who argues against parsons loss of functions in nuclear family

A

ronald fletcher

18
Q

name marxists that theorised on family

A

eli zaretsky
freidrich engels

19
Q

explain friedrich engels theory

A

family, bourgeoisie and private property- he speculated that-
humanity can be divided into era of primitive communism and capitalism

in the era of primitive communism humans lived in promiscuous herds, no concept of private property

era of capitalism
nuclear family is based on monogamy, to ensure private property and wealth is passed on to legitimate offspring. advantageous to the bourgeoisies

20
Q

appreciation of engels

A

anthropologists suggest primitive societies like chimpanzees lived in promiscuous herds

21
Q

criticism of engels

A

feminist point that is simply speculation

strong evidence that nuclear family existed pre capitalism

22
Q

explain eli zaretsky

A

nuclear family part of superstructure as an ideological agency to reproduce and legitimise inequality and capitalism to benefit bourgeoisie

23
Q

4 key points of eli zaretsky

A

1.family as an agent of socialisation socialises children into passively accepting capitalism turning them into falsely conscious worker uncritically accepting inequality and conformity

  1. critical of parsons stabilisation of adult personality theory. it is rather sinister, men take out frustration from alienation on wives and children, worker also unlikely do things threatening income
    ford in 1980 hired only married men
  2. extended family deliberately discouraged to reduce mutual support and eliminate socialist ideas
  3. family as an unit of consumerism supports capitalism, materialism distracts workers from unjust capitalism
24
Q

who said capitalism stripped workers of dignity

A

fran ansley

25
Q

who said profitability capitalism depends on families spending money on false needs

A

neo marxist herbert marcuse

26
Q

strengths of marxist theories

A

questioned notion that family is always good for society, unit of consumption necessary for capitalism

27
Q

criticism of marxists theories

A

interactionists argue marxists are overdeterministic do not account for free will. marxists do not consider that some working class parents may resist capitalism

fails to consider how individuals interpret families many find it very emotionally satisfying

feminists point out economic reductionism, see women experience solely based on class fail to consider patriarchy, ethnicity religion on women’s experience of family

feminists say marxism is an outdated theory not talking account women progress in education and industry