social control conformity and resistance

Question 1

according to structuralists what is the role of structure and agency in shaping relationships between individuals and societies

Answer 1

consensus theories claim since structure was designed around common consensus, structure shapes individual

conflict theories say conflict and potential conflict shape individuals

Question 2

what is interactionism also called

Answer 2

social action theory

Question 3

according to interactionists what is the role of structure and agency in shaping relationships between individuals and societies

Answer 3

people are not pawns of structural forces, agency shapes behaviour, society is the net sum of all interactions , consequently culture and identity and social constructs that are product of people voluntarily choosing to associate with it

Question 4

socialisation

Answer 4

refers to the process by which people learn the skills knowledge, values, and roles of the group they belong to

Question 5

social control

Answer 5

control used to regulate and reinforce ideal behaviour

Question 6

formal social control

Answer 6

laws, hard sanctions, repressive, government

Question 7

what do marxists think of control by consent

Answer 7

its an ideological device to control the proletariat and falsely convince them its fair

Question 8

religion formal or informal control

Answer 8

both sharia for example

Question 9

examples of informal social control include

Answer 9

family
peers- peer pressure to conform to subculture, positive sanctions like respect, negative like gossip
media-tv newspaper, reinforce certain ideals that emphasise certain behaviour as deviant and ideal

Question 10

is education formal or informal social control

Answer 10

formal- compulsory by gov in most countries, detention, suspension

informal- teachers have positive sanctions like praise, scolding negative sanctions

Question 11

is workplace formal or informal social contorol

Answer 11

formal - gov allows firing demotion in frequen t absenteism

informal - positive sanctions like bonus

Question 12

consensual policing

Answer 12

citizens accept the need for policing and cooperate, it benefits them as they recieve protection

marxists called it an ideological device

Question 13

social exchange

Answer 13

members of society engage in cost benefit analysis
weigh up benefits of conformity against cost of rejecting it

Question 14

social capital

Answer 14

social bonds and relationships that have productive benefits, accumulating connections produces resources and opportunities

Question 15

bonding social capital

Answer 15

members sign up for communities that provide people opportunities to interact

Question 16

bridging social capital

Answer 16

relationships being established between people very different in terms of social characteristics and interests

Question 17

in what kind of social communities does social exchange work best in

Answer 17

collectivist value systems

Question 18

what is mechanical solidarity

Answer 18

sense of togetherness that arises when people perform similar work share similar experiences and values
found in pre industrial societies more

Question 19

who coined mechanical solidarity

Answer 19

durkheim

Question 20

what kind of societies are characterised by moral certainty

Answer 20

collectivist societies as values and norms are rarely challenged, individuals are expected to submit to collectivist interests and that individualistic behaviour is deviant

Question 21

what is organic solidarity

Answer 21

the solidarity in modern society to due to interdependence of individuals on each other for services, different than mechanical which is based on values

Question 22

what kind of societies are characterised by anomie

Answer 22

modern societies that is impersonal, promotes individualism and can challenge traditional norms

Question 23

what is anomie

Answer 23

a situation where people are unable to predict the behaviour of others because norms and values are not being followed. a place of moral uncertainty

Question 24

who claimed that criminals were born with certain physical features that distinguished them from law abiding citizens, how was this argument continued

Answer 24

cesare lombroso in the 19th century
psychologists later suggested genetic traits, weak personality lack of intelligence

Question 25

how do marxists view crime

Answer 25

as a product of society, interaction of socio economic inequalities, interaction between relatively powerless groups and agents of social control