Subcultures and education

Question 1

Institutional racism

Answer 1

Discrimination within organisations

Police, education

Question 2

Ethnocentrism

Answer 2

National curriculum is out if date and based on old values

Question 3

Coard - theorist

Answer 3

Curriculum ignores black culture, art and music

= low self esteem

Question 4

saris and samosas

Answer 4

Madood - clothing and food recognition doesn’t address issues

Question 5

Criticisms of institutional racism

Answer 5

Some minority groups achieve higher than others

Question 6

Mirza - study

Answer 6

62 black girls 15-19
Has positive attitudes towards school despite racist teachers
= formed subcultures - valued education and no respect for school

Question 7

Sewell - Black subcultures

Answer 7

57% lack a father figure compared to 25% white

Hyper-masculinity (academia seen as fem)

Question 8

Sewell - 4 groups

Answer 8

• Conformists - ignored hyper-masculinity and focused on work
• Innovators saw education as important but rejected formal school as it changed their identity
• Retreatists - students who kept to themselves
• Rebels - rejected education, norms and values of school

Question 9

Criticisms of sewell

Answer 9

Blaming black culture for underachievement

Doesn’t acknowledge disadvantages as a reason for underachieving