Sub-Saharn Africa Reading Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Berlin Conference

A

A meeting to divide Africa among the European colonial powers

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2
Q

Conflict Diamonds

A

Diamonds whose profits from selling lead to the purchase of weapons used in wars and local conflicts

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3
Q

Desertification

A

Arid and semiarid lands become degraded and less productive and desertlike conditions result

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4
Q

Failed state

A

A state where the government is too weak to control its territory, can’t provide public services, etc.

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5
Q

Fair Trade:

A

Ensuring that producers are paid a reasonable wage and that crops are produced sustainably

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6
Q

Green Belt Movement

A

A social movement centered around planting and preserving trees

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7
Q

Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

A

People who are uprooted but stay in their home country

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8
Q

Land Grabs

A

Large scale land purchases

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9
Q

Pastoralism

A

A way of life that depends on livestock

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10
Q

Rift Valley

A

Large and long depression between steep walls formed by the downward displacement of a block of the earth’s surface between tectonic faults

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11
Q

Savanna

A

Grasslands with extensive grazing areas

open stands of trees interspersed with shurbs and grasses

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12
Q

Sahel

A

Southern border of the Sahara Desert

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13
Q
  1. Why is Sub-Saharan Africa particularly vulnerable to climate change?
A

Poverty
Lack of fresh water
climate change

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14
Q

What impacts could climate change have on the region?

A

Less food/water

More disease/insects

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15
Q
  1. What natural resources are important in Sub-Saharan Africa?
A

rivers
deltas
inland wetlands
mineral resources.

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16
Q
  1. Explain the main causes of low agricultural production in Sub-Saharan Africa and describe the methods used to adapt to these conditions
A
Wildlife poaching
pests
disease
efforts to eradicate and cure disease
parks and conservation programs, etc.
17
Q
  1. How has human activity impacted the wildlife of Sub-Saharan Africa?
    What strategies have been used to protect wildlife?
A

decimated the population of wildlife via hunting (for food or pleasure, encroachment, etc.)
Protected areas like animal parks

18
Q
  1. What is the legacy of European colonialism in Sub-Saharan Africa?
A

Establishment of political boundaries that disregarded traditional boundaries
introduction of European languages

19
Q
  1. Why has the World Bank identified Sub-Saharan Africa as “the most important development challenge of the 21st century”?
A

Because they are so dependent on foreign aid and have a very low GPI.

20
Q
  1. More than ¾ of Africa’s population work in ???
A

Agriculture

21
Q
  1. What were the Millennium Development Goals and how did they impact Sub-Saharan Africa?
A

Targets to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Less poverty, more education, etc.

22
Q
  1. Describe the current political issues of Somalia, Nigeria, and South Sudan.
A

Somalia is a failed state, in a constant state of civil war
Nigeria fights with terrorists Boko Haram
South Sudan newly independent, but fight with rebel groups and have health, water, food problems

23
Q
  1. What are the predominant religions of Sub-Saharan Africa?
A

Christianity and Islam

24
Q
  1. What are the predominant languages of Sub-Saharan Africa?
A
Hausa
Yoruba
Ibo
Swahili
Zulu
25
Q
  1. Describe the status/roles of women in Sub-Saharan Africa.
A

Underpriveleged
poor
disadvantaged
meet the basic needs of the family/village (food, water, crafts, etc.)

26
Q
  1. Describe the factors affecting population growth rates in Sub-Saharan Africa.
A

Need for children to work/babysit
get money
prestige of large families
lack of contraception

27
Q
  1. What are the reasons for large number of refugees from/in Sub-Saharan Africa? What challenges are associated with these refugees?
A
Armed conflict
human rights violations
drought
Lack of resources
disease
28
Q
  1. Consider the location of the Congo Rainforest and the Kalahari Desert? What atmospheric circulation systems (discussed in Chapter 1 of the textbook) are associated with these regions?
A

Intertropical Convergence Zone

Subtropical high

29
Q
  1. What is the predominant land use of Sub-Saharan Africa?
A

Subsistence farming

nomadic herding

30
Q
  1. Describe the distribution of gold resources in Sub-Saharan Africa.
A

West and East coast of Africa

31
Q
  1. How are the population characteristics of North Africa different from the population characteristics of South Africa?
A

Arab and Muslim
20% of Africa
Less diverse

32
Q
  1. How did the Europeans contribute to ethnic tensions that exist in Africa today?
A

Drew boundaries putting rival tribes together

33
Q
  1. Approximately ??? of the world’s refugees are African.
A

1/3

34
Q
  1. Into what body of water does the Congo River flow?
A

Atlantic Ocean

35
Q
  1. Despite the continent’s mineral wealth, most Africans live in poverty. Why?
A

Mining companies employ few Africans

36
Q
  1. What physical feature, located in East Africa, is located along a divergent plate boundary?
A

Great Rift Valley

37
Q
  1. Herders of Namibia, threatened by war and drought, now profit from ???
A

Ecotourism

38
Q
  1. What is the leading cause of death in Africa? What can be done to control the disease?
A

AIDS

education and treatment