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GEOG 200 Final > Intro to Geography (Both Powerpoints) > Flashcards

Intro to Geography (Both Powerpoints) Flashcards

1
Q

What is geography

A

the environmental and human processes that shape our planet and our lives
how humans interact with their environment
how place matters to environmental, economic and cultural issues

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2
Q

Why study geography?

A

May help us solve issues
Increase understanding of current events
Useful for interaction with the world

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3
Q

Regions

A

geographic areas that share unifying characteristics
generalized – not all areas within a region share the characteristics
interdependent - connected to other regions

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4
Q

World Regional Geography

A

explores relationships within and among world regions

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5
Q

Emerging Region

A

regions that are increasing in their global significance (Pacific Rim)

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6
Q

Sense of Place

A

The feeling evoked among people as a result of experiences and memories they associate with a location

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7
Q

Anthropocene

A

Period of Earth’s history where human activity dominates the earth system
Characterized by deforestation, increased C02 in atmosphere, pollution, loss of biodiversity

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8
Q

Maps

A

are social products
reflect the knowledge, priorities, interpretations, and intentions of creators
Centering and orientation are map maker choice

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9
Q

Longitude (meridians)

A

Measures distance East or West of Prime Meridian

Values range from 0°to 180°east or west

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10
Q

Latitude (parallels)

A

Measures distance North or South of Equator
Values range from 0°to 90°north or south
Intersection of a meridian and parallel determines absolute location of point on earth
Further accuracy achieved by dividing degrees into minutes and seconds

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11
Q

map projection

A

rendering of the Earth on a flat surface.
has distortion in size of features, shape of features, distance and/or direction.
There are hundreds of map projections

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12
Q

Mercator Projection

A

Cylindrical
Size of land masses is distorted – especially near the polar regions
Shows compass directions as straight lines– used for ship navigation

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13
Q

Peters Projection•

A

Cylindrical
Size of land masses is accurate
Shape of land masses is distorted

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14
Q

Peters Projection

A

Cylindrical
Size of land masses is accurate
Shape of land masses is distorted

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15
Q

Robinson Projection

A

Pseudo-Cylindrical
Compromise of map distortions
general reference map

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16
Q

Lambert Conformal Conic Projection

A

Conical
Longitude lines converge at North Pole
Useful for examining mid-latitude regions

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17
Q

Stereographic Projection (North Pole)

A

Azimuthal
North Pole in center
Useful for examining polar regions

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18
Q

Map Scale

A

ratio between distance on a map and corresponding distance on the ground
May be displayed as a fraction, text or a bar
Determines the level of detail shown on a map
The smaller the scale (smaller fraction) the less detail shown

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19
Q

Thematic Map

A

Focuses on a particular topic or subject

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20
Q

Cartogram

A

Type of thematic map

Size and shape is distorted to emphasize a particular attribute of a place or region

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21
Q

Remote Sensing

A

gathering data about an object or area as aerial photography or satellite imagery
Often false color

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22
Q

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

A

combination of hardware, software and geographic data that assists in analysis of geographic information
Combines layers of data from many sources
Show spatial relationships among objects being mapped
Used every day to solve complex issues

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23
Q

Culture

A

A shared set of attitudes, behavior, symbols and practices of a group pf people

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24
Q

Cultural landscape

A

combined natural and human features of place that reflect the relationship between people and their environment

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25
Q

Religion

A

Influences the way different groups of people interact with one another and how they interpret the world

26
Q

Language

A

Important component of national/ethnic identity
Can be unifying or divisive
Lingua franca
Endangered languages

27
Q

Globalization

A

increasing connections between world regions

result of international commerce, communications, travel, and migration

28
Q

Potential benefits of globalization

A

increase in trade and economic success
sharing of knowledge, ideas, technology, and resources
increased cultural understanding
Improvements in health and well-being

29
Q

Potential challenges associated with globalization

A 
Uneven economic growth (benefits wealthy countries)
Increased economic vulnerability
Concerns of homogenization
cultural imperialism
Spread of disease
Environmental degradation
30
Q

Resistance to globalization

A

Nationalism

31
Q

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

A

value of goods and services produced in a country in a particular year
No non-market, overseas investments, quality of life

32
Q

Human Development Index (HDI)

A

measures education, life expectancy and standard of living

33
Q

Development

A

An in improvement in the economic well-being and standard of living of people
ex. Millennium Development Goals, Sustainable Development Goals

34
Q

Economic Sectors

A

Primary activities resource based, extractive
Secondary activities manufacturing/processing
Tertiary activities services
Quaternary activities knowledge, information

35
Q

Geopolitics

A

close link between politics and geography

36
Q

Sovereign state

A

Power over a territory and people and is recognized by other states

37
Q

Nation

A

Group of people sharing common elements of culture (language, religion, etc.)

38
Q

Nation–state

A

Homogenous group of people living in a territory

39
Q

Demography

A

Study of populations
Most live north of Equator, on 1% of Earth’s land, near water, on fertile soil
India, China, Europe densely populated

40
Q

Describe the Demographic Transition Model

A

Stage 1: Brith adn death rates high
Stage 2: Death rates fall, birth rate doesn’t, total pop rises
Stage 3: Birth rates start falling
Stage 4 and 5: Birth/death rates similar, total pop stays the same

41
Q

Demography of Nigeria, US, and Germany

A

Nigeria mostly young people

US and Germany more uniform

42
Q

Weather

A

Immediate state of temperature and precipitation

43
Q

Climate

A

Typical conditions of weather over time

44
Q

Solar Intensity and latitude

A

Earth’s shape, tilt and orbit mean that sunlight does not hit all places evenly
Solar radiation varies seasonally and is more intense at low latitudes on southern hemisphere

45
Q

Differential heating of land and water

A

Water heats/cools more slowly than land and tends to moderate climate

46
Q

Global Pressure Systems and Winds

A

Intertropical Convergence Zone: rain
Subtropical High: dry conditions
Trade Winds: blow east to west
Westerlies: blow west to east

47
Q

Topography

A 
affects temperatures and precipitation patterns
orographic effect (mountain lift and cool air)
rain shadow (air gets dry after passing mountain, means no rain)
48
Q

Köppen system

A

Wet/Tropical: Warm temperatures year round, high precipitation
Dry/Arid: Little precipitation
Mild/Temperate: Warm to hot summer temperatures; mild winters
Continental: Warm summers; cold winters
Highland: Varies depending on altitude
Polar/Highland: Very cold winters; no real summer

49
Q

Distribution of Global Climate Regions

A

West NA, North Africa, parts of Asia, Australia dry
CA, central Africa, SEA wet
Eruope temperate
Near top pole cold

50
Q

Climate Change

A

long-term shifts in temperature and precipitation at a global scale
natural and human causes

51
Q

Greenhouse Effect

A

Natural
Traps heat from sun
Keeps Earth warm

52
Q

Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

A

Anthropogenic greenhouse gases (C02 from burning of fossil fuels)

53
Q

Carbon Emissions

A

China is world’s largest emitter of CO2

US among highest per capita CO2 emissions

54
Q

Effects of climate change

A

warming of temperatures
shrinking of glaciers and polar icecaps
sea level rise (as a result of melting land ice)
more frequent and/or intense storms
changing precipitation patterns (droughts, floods)
melting permafrost
shifts in seasons (longer summers, shorter winters)

55
Q

What do the effects of climate change mean for us?

A 
lives threatened
forced migration (climate refugees)
decreased crop yields (hunger, famine)
species loss/extinction
increased prevalence of disease
56
Q

Climate Change Mitigation Strategies

A 
Cap-and-trade
Subsidies
Mileage standards
Carbon tax
renewable energy
nuclear power
sequestration
reforestation
population growth
57
Q

Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

A 
Agriculture
Structural Concerns
Emergency preparedness
Reducing risks
Promoting development
Controlling diseases
Enhancing economic progress
58
Q

type of map

A

Azimuthal - the image of the Earth is projected onto a flat surface (plane). Parallels are circular; meridians are straight and intersect at the poles.

59
Q

Cylindrical

A

Cylindrical to flat

Parallels and meridians are straight lines that intersect one another at right angles

60
Q

Conical

A

Conical to flat
Parallels are curved
meridians are straight and intersect at the poles.

61
Q

azimuthal

A

Straight to flat
Parallels are circular
meridians are straight and intersect at the poles.

GEOG 200 Final (14 decks)

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