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GEOG 200 Final > LA/Carribbean Reading Guide > Flashcards

LA/Carribbean Reading Guide Flashcards

1
Q

El Nino

A

The warm phase of the El Nino Southern Oscillation

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2
Q

La Nina

A

The cold phase of the El Nino Southern Oscillation

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3
Q

Informal Economy

A

Economic activities that take place beyond official record and are not subject to formalized systems of regulation or remuneration

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4
Q

Maquiladora

A

Manufacturing facility where components can be imported duty-free and assembled for export

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5
Q

Mestizo

A

Mix of European and Indigenous

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6
Q

Non-Traditional Agricultural Exports

A

Fruits
Vegetables
Flowers

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7
Q

North American Free Trade Agreement

A

Set out to reduce barriers to trade among its three member countries

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8
Q

Why are Latin America and Caribbean thought as one region?

A

Share history

Colonialism, common cultures, contemporary problems

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9
Q

Andes Altitudinal Zones (Caliente)

A

0 m to 900 m

Sugarcane, bananas

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10
Q

Andes Altitudinal Zones (Templada)

A

900 m to 1800 m

Coffee, maize

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11
Q

Andes Altitudinal Zones (Fria)

A

1800 m to 3600 m

Wheat, barley

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12
Q

Andes Altitudinal Zones (Helada)

A

3600 m to 5000 m
Highland grains and potatoes
Sheep, guinea pigs

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13
Q

Major Climate Regions

A

Tropical: Top half of South America; Caribbean
Dry/Arid: West coast halfway down; then across tip
Mild Temperate: East coast; rest of west coast

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14
Q

Is “Latin America” an accurate name?

A

No, indigenous languages and English are also important

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15
Q

What factors lead to high air pollution in Mexico City?

A

Vehicles w/ inadequate emission

Dust, fires, industrial plants, energy production

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16
Q

What factors influence distribution of climates in region?

A

Major winds
Pressure belts
Configuration of land and oceans

17
Q

What are the main environmental hazards

A

Severe storms
Hurricane
Floods
Droughts

18
Q

Causes of deforestation

A 
Cattle ranching
Soybean production
small scale farming
road and dam infrastructure
mining
logging
fires
19
Q

Ways to stop deforestation

A

Land conversions
Establishing protected areas
Enforcing forest laws

20
Q

Natural resources

A

Oil and minerals

21
Q

Economic Structure

A 
Manufacturing
Agriculture 
Fisheries
Tourism
Informal Economy
22
Q

Significance of BRICS?

A

Taking economic power away from NA, Europe, and Japan

23
Q

Shifts from what kind of government?

A

Authoritarian to democratic

24
Q

Why have US intervened in region

A 
Political interests
economic access (Panama Canal)
25
Q

African religious traditions

A

Slave trade

26
Q

Distribution of major languages

A 
Spanish
Quecha, Aymara: Andean
Martinique, French Creole: Haiti
Guarani: Paraguay
Mayan: Belize, Honduras, Mexico, Guatemala
Nahuatl: Mexico
27
Q

How did colonialism change region

A

Racial mixing

28
Q

Reasons for dropping fertility rates

A

More in cities
healthcare improved
Incomes increased
More working, formally educated women

29
Q

Megacity challenges

A

Crowding
High land costs
Violent crime

30
Q

Sonoran Desert is unique. Why?

A

Wetter than most deserts

31
Q

Leading sector of CostaRican economy?

A

Ecoturism

32
Q

Puerto Rico has what rights?

A

US citizens but…
have constitution, governors, local affairs
don’t pay taxes
don’t vote in US elections

33
Q

Dry conditions of Atacama Desert come from where?

A

Cold Peru Current

on western coast of continent

34
Q

Venezuela founded what?

A

OPEC

Has some of the largest oil reserves in the world

35
Q

South American countries

A 
Bolivia
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Paraguay
Peru
Venezuela
36
Q

2 Arguments for exports

A

Provide currency that prevents foreign debt from leaving the country
Asian economies have grown largely as a result of exports

37
Q

2 Arguments against exports

A

Wages are low to keep exports competitive

Damage environment

38
Q

2 Arguments for deforestation

A

Uses unused land

Pays back foreign governments and banks

39
Q

3 Arguments against deforestation

A

Extinction of plants and animals
Contributes to global warming
Displaces indigenous people

GEOG 200 Final (14 decks)

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