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GEOG 200 Final > Sub Saharan Africa Powerpoint > Flashcards

Sub Saharan Africa Powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

Physical Geography

A

Shaped by plate tectonics
Plateau continent
Great Rift Valley
The Congo (longest river and biggest rainforest)
Kalahari Desert (Botswana, Namibia, South Africa; more rain than other deserts)
Namib Desert (Nambia, Angola, South Africa; world’s oldest deserts)
Lake Victoria (largest lake)
Zambezi River (Zamiba to Indian ocean)
Niger River Main river of west Africa

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2
Q

Resources

A 
Mineral resources
-Bauxite, gold, uranium, cobalt
Conflict diamonds/Blood diamonds
-1/2 of diamonds from here
-Botswana, Angola, DR of Congo, Namibia, South Africa
-Kimberly Process (stop conflict diamonds form entering market)
Fossil Fuels
-Nigeria is top oil producer
Uneven distribution of resource wealth
River Systems (Hydroelectric power)
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3
Q

Climate

A

Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) - North Africa
Subtropical high - Central Africa
Deserts
Seasonal variations in rainfall

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4
Q

Climate Change

A 
Extreme vulnerability
Climate
Poverty
Significant Impacts
Low per capita greenhouse gas emissions
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5
Q

Primary Causes of Deforestation

A

Primary causes

-Agriculture, logging, firewood

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6
Q

Desertification

A 
Primary Causes
-Deforestation, Climate Change, Overgrazing/Overcultivation
Impacts
-Famine, Migration
Sahel at high risk
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7
Q

Threats to Wildlife

A 
Habitat loss/degradation
-Agriculture
 -Fueled by population growth
-Deforestation/Resource extraction
Poaching, Human/Wildlife conflict
Hunting
-Subsistence and commercial
Climate Change
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8
Q

Wildlife Conservation

A 
Parks and protected areas
Increased protections
Policy changes
Ecotourism
Education
Local Involvement
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9
Q

Agricultural Challenges

A 
Poor soils
Harsh climates
Pests
Growing population
Political instability
Land grabs
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10
Q

History

A 
Scramble for Africa
-Berlin Conference
Effects
-Arbitrary political boundaries
-Export economy
 -Plantations, Infrastructure built for exports
-European languages and systems
Enduring colonial legacy
-Conflict, Economic challenges, Weak internal infrastructure
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11
Q

Factors of Development

A

Harsh physical environment
Colonial legacy
Conflict/political instability
Lack of educated/skilled workforce
highest amount of development assistance of any world region
Some improvement in social and economic conditions
-Millennium Development Goals

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12
Q

Religion and Language

A

Christianity (60%), Islam (30%), Traditional belief (animism) (10%)
More than 1,000 living languages
-Hausa and Swahili are lingua franca

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13
Q

Culture and Identity

A

Cultural Views
-Importance of extended family, Kinship, Respect for elders
Role of women
-Disproportionately poor and malnourished, Less educated than men
-Burdened with heavy workloads
-Agricultural work, collecting fuel and water, preparing food, community work, etc.

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14
Q

Demography and Urbanization

A

Overall population density low
Growing rapidly
Mostly rural, but becoming more urban
-most in Slums, Shantytowns

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15
Q

Territory, Politics, and Conflict (Democratic Republic of Congo)

A

Democratic Republic of Congo

  • “Africa’s World War”
  • Multiple causes
  • Genocide in Rwanda, Mineral wealth, Weak government, corruption, armed groups
  • 18k UN peacekeepers
  • 5 mil have died
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16
Q

Refugees in Africa (Where They Come From)

A

Sudan: 694,506
DR Congo: 620,775
CAR: 545,498

17
Q

Refugees in Africa (Where They Live)

A 
Uganda: 1.4 million
Sudan: 906,600
Ethiopia: 694,506
DR Congo: 536,000
Kenya: 471,300
18
Q

Regions at Risk of Deforestation

A

Regions at Risk

  • Parts of west Africa
  • Nigeria has one of the highest rates of deforestation in the world
  • Ghana and Ivory Coast – deforestation linked to cocoa production
  • Central Africa, Congo Basin
  • Parts of east Africa; Women disproportionately affected (Green Belt Movement)
19
Q

Agricultural Adaptations

A

Shifting cultivation
Slash-and-burn
Intercropping (one field for all crops)
Nomadic pastoralism

20
Q

Territory, Politics, and Conflict (South Sudan)

A

New nation in 2011

  • Civil war, Humanitarian crisis
  • 2.4 million refugees come from here
21
Q

Territory, Politics, and Conflict (Somalia)

A 
Armed conflict/Violence
 -Al-Shabaab (Islamic militants)
Droughts/Floods
Food Shortages
986,400 refugees come from here
22
Q

Territory, Politics, and Conflict (Nigeria)

A

History of ethnic and religious conflict
-Christian v. Muslim
Boko Haram

23
Q

Territory, Politics, and Conflict (Refugees & IDPs)

A

6 mil refugees; 17 mil idps
Burden on neighboring countries
Poor conditions in camps (crowding, disease, conflict, food diversion)
IDPs May not qualify for assistance

GEOG 200 Final (14 decks)

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