[sub Chapter 37] Vitamins and Minerals

Question 1

Common sources of vitamin A?

Answer 1

(its precursor) comes from beta-carotene in yellow fruits, yellow or green leafy vegetables, fortified milk, egg yolk, fish, liver

Question 2

Common sources of vitamin D?

Answer 2

Inactive form made in skin, activated in liver, kidneys, in fatty fish, egg yolk, fortified milk products

Question 3

Common sources of vitamin E?

Answer 3

Whole grains, dark green vegetables, vegetable oils

Question 4

Common sources of vitamin K?

Answer 4

Enterobacteria form most of it, also in green leafy vegetables, cabbage

Question 5

Common sources of vitamin B1?

Answer 5

also known as thiamin Whole grains, green leafy vegetables, legumes, lean meats, eggs

Question 6

Common sources of vitamin B2?

Answer 6

also known as riboflavin Whole grains, poultry, fish, egg white, milk

Question 7

Common sources of vitamin B3?

Answer 7

also known as niacin Spinach, tomatoes, potatoes, meats

Question 8

Common sources of pantothenic aci?

Answer 8

Many foods; meats, yeast, egg yolk specifically

Question 9

Common sources of folate? (folic acid)

Answer 9

Dark green vegetables, whole grains, yeast, lean meats; entrobacteria produce some folate

Question 10

Common sources of vitamin B12?

Answer 10

Poultry, fish, red meat, dairy foods (not butter)

Question 11

Common sources of biotin?

Answer 11

Legumes, egg yolk; colon bacteria produce some

Question 12

Common sources of vitamin C?

Answer 12

also known as ascorbic acid Fruits and vegetables, especially citrus, berries, cantaloupe, cabbage, broccoli, green pepper

Question 13

Common sources of calcium?

Answer 13

Dairy products, dark green vegetables, dried legumes

Question 14

Common sources of chloride

Answer 14

Table salt (usually too much in diet)

Question 15

Common sources of copper?

Answer 15

Nuts, legumes, seafood, drinking water

Question 16

Common sources of fluorine?

Answer 16

Fluoridated water, tea, seafood

Question 17

Common sources of iodine?

Answer 17

Marine fish, shellfish, iodized salt, dairy products

Question 18

Common sources of iron?

Answer 18

Whole grains, green leafy vegetables, legumes, nuts, eggs, lean meat, molasses, dried fruit, shellfish

Question 19

Common sources of magnesium?

Answer 19

Whole grains, legumes, nuts, dairy products

Question 20

Common sources of phosphorous?

Answer 20

Whole grains, poultry, red meat

Question 21

Common sources of potassium?

Answer 21

Diet alone provides ample amounts

Question 22

Common sources of sodium?

Answer 22

Table salt, diet provides ample to excessive amounts

Question 23

Common sources of sulfur?

Answer 23

Proteins in diet

Question 24

Common sources of zinc?

Answer 24

Whole grains, legumes, nuts, meats, seafood

Question 25

What is the main function of vitamin A?

Answer 25

Used in synthesis of visual pigments, bone, teeth, maintains epithelia

Question 26

What is the main function of vitamin D?

Answer 26

Promotes bone growth and mineralization, enhances calcium absorption

Question 27

What is the main function of vitamin E?

Answer 27

Counters effects of free radicals, helps maintain cell membranes, blocks breakdown of vitamins A and C in gut

Question 28

What is the main function of vitamin K?

Answer 28

Blood clotting, ATP formation via electron tranport

Question 29

What is the main function of vitamin B1?

Answer 29

also known as thiamin Connective tissue formation, folate utilization, coenzyme action

Question 30

What is the main function of vitamin B2?

Answer 30

also known as riboflavin Coenzyme action

Question 31

What is the main function of vitamin B3?

Answer 31

also known as niacin Coenzyme action

Question 32

What is the main function of vitamin B6?

Answer 32

Coenzyme in amino acid metabolism

Question 33

What is the main function of pentothenic acid?

Answer 33

Coenzyme in glucose metabolism, fatty acid and steroid synthesis

Question 34

What is the main function of folate? (folic acid)

Answer 34

Coenzyme in nucleic acid and amino acid metabolism

Question 35

What is the main function of vitamin B12?

Answer 35

Coenzyme in nucleic acid metabolism

Question 36

What is the main function of biotin?

Answer 36

Coenzyme in fat, glycogen formation and in amino acid metabolism

Question 37

What is the main function of vitamin C?

Answer 37

also known as ascorbic acid Collagen synthesis; possibly inhibits effects of free radicals; structural role in bone, cartilage, and teeth; used in carbohydrate metabolism

Question 38

What is the main function of calcium?

Answer 38

Bone, tooth formation, blood clotting, neural and muscle action

Question 39

What is the main function of chloride?

Answer 39

HCl formation in stomach, contributes to body’s acid-base balance, nueral action

Question 40

What is the main function of copper?

Answer 40

Used in synthesis of melanin, hemoglobin, and some transport chain components

Question 41

What is the main function of fluorine?

Answer 41

Bone, tooth maintenance

Question 42

What is the main function of iodine?

Answer 42

Thyroid hormone formation

Question 43

What is the main function of iron?

Answer 43

Formation of hemoglobin and cytochrom (transport chain component)

Question 44

What is the main function of magnesium?

Answer 44

Coenzyme role in ATP-ADP cycle, roles in muscle and nerve formation

Question 45

What is the main function of phosphorous?

Answer 45

Component of bone, teeth, nucleic acids, ATP, phospholipids

Question 46

What is the main function of potassium?

Answer 46

Muscle and neural function, roles in protein synthesis and body’s acid-base balance

Question 47

What is the main function of sodium?

Answer 47

Key role in body’s salt-water balance, roles in muscle and neural function

Question 48

What is the main function of sulfur?

Answer 48

Component of body proteins

Question 49

What is the main function of zinc?

Answer 49

Component of digestive enzymes, role in normal growth, wound healing, sperm formation, and taste and smell