SU7 - Perception Flashcards
The clear front part of the eye that helps focus light is?
Cornea
Which colored part of the eye controls how much light enters?
Iris
Which part of the eye is a clear, flexible part that focuses light into retina?
Lens
Which part of the eye is at the back part and turns light into signal for the brain?
Retina
____ is the tiny spot in retina that helps us see details clearly.
Fovea
Which part of the eye sends signal to the brain?
Optic Nerve
What does photoreceptors convert?
Convert light energy to neural impulse.
Rods are sensitive to ____ but not ____.
Dim light; Colours
Found in periphery
Cones are sensitive to ____ but not ____.
Colours; Dim Lights.
Found in Fovea
Light of varying wavelength is also called ____.
Colour
Colour of light by wavelength is used to describe ____.
Hue
Longer wavelength = less energy
Explain Dark Adaptation.
- Process of adjusting to low lighting.
- Pick up low intensity light.
Cones adapts fast/slow and Rods adapts fast/slow in Dark Adaptation.
- Fast (10mins)
- Slow (30-45mins)
What is Sensory Adaptation?
Senses stop noticing a constant stimulus over time.
Positive Adaptation becomes ____ sensitive to stimulus.
More.
Dark Adaptation
Negative Adaptation becomes ____ sensitive to constant stimulus.
Less
Stops noticing strong perfume over time.
Explain the Trichromatic Theory of seeing colours.
- There are 3 cones.
- Red, Green and Blue.
- One cone bad = colour blind.
Explain the Opponent-Process Theory of seeing colours.
- We see colours in pairs.
- See one colour, the other is blocked.
- Explains why we see afterimages.
Sound is ____ caused by ____ and ____ air.
- Vibration waves
- Compressed
- Expanded
Define Pitch.
Frequency of sound wave.
What does Amplitude relates to Sound?
Amplitude = Loudness
Sound caused ____ to vibrate.
Eardrum
____, ____ and ____ transmit vibrations.
- Hammer
- Anvil
- Stirrup
____ receives and focuses vibrations to basilar membranes.
Cochlea
What does Basilar Membrane do?
Converts vibrations to neural messages and sends them to brain.
Describe Place Theory in Sensing Pitch.
Different pitch triggers different places on basilar membrane.
Above 1000Hz
Describe Frequency Theory in Sensing Pitch.
Different pitch triggers different firing rates from neurons on basilar membrane.
Above 5000Hz
What you need to sense 1000 to 5000Hz?
Both place and frequency.
The distinctiveness of different sounds is also known as ____.
Timbre
Guitar vs Piano
What does Perception mean?
Bringing meaning to sensation.
Which processing uses prior knowledge, expectations and experience?
Top Down Processing.
Starts with big picture then break it down.
Which processing uses basic sensory information and build up to complex understanding?
Bottom Up Processing.
Starts with details and build up to big picture.
What is used to describe when an object remains constant under different conditions?
Perceptual Constancy.
Colour, Size, Shape Constancy
When someone finds it difficult to spot differences between perceived image and a similar mental image stored in the memory, he is likely expericing ____.
Change Blindness.
Change Blindness: Missing a ____.
Inattentional Blindness: Missing a ____.
- Change
- Object
Gestalt Psychology believes that we perceive things as ____, rather than just the ____.
- A Whole
- Individual Parts
Describe Law of Proximity.
Group objects that are close together.
Describe Law of Continuity.
See smooth, continous patterns than disjointed ones.
Describe Law of Common Fate.
Group objects that move same direction/motion.
Describe Law of Similarity.
Group objects that look similar.
Describe Law of Simplicity.
Perceive simpler patterns than complex ones.
Circles tather than olympic logo.
The tendency to see items in foreground (figure) and the rest as background is call ____.
Figure Ground.
The tendency to fill gaps and figures to perceive incomplete images as complete is ____.
Law of Closure.
In Learning Based Inference, we perceive and look for things based on ____.
3 Points
- Context and Expectations
- Perceptual Set
- Cultural Influences
Name 2 cues of Depth Perception.
Binocular Cue (both eyes)
Monocular Cue (one eye)
When the item seems closer to you as your eyes move inwards, it is called ____.
Convergence.
When each eye sees different images and the brain combines to form depth, it is called ____.
Retinal Disparity.
Describe Size in Monocular Cue.
Size = Distance
Describe Linear Perspective in Monocular Cue.
Parallel lines come together as they get further away. / \
Describe Interposition in Monocular Cue.
The object blocked is further than the one blocking.
Describe Light & Shadow in Monocular Cue.
Shadow position = how far
Describe Relative Motion in Monocular Cue.
Things closer to us move faster.
Trees vs Mountain when driving.
Describe Atmospheric Perspective in Monocular Cue.
Far objects appear hazier or lighter.
